NVIS HF signal propagation in ionosphere using calculus of variations

Modeling Near Vertical Incidence Sounding (NVIS) High Frequency (HF) signal propagation in the ionosphere is important. Because, ionosondes which are special types of radars probing the ionosphere with certain HF frequencies (between 2 and 30 MHz), work mostly in NVIS mode (where elevation angle is...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Umut Sezen, Feza Arikan, Orhan Arikan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2019-01-01
Series:Geodesy and Geodynamics
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984717302148