Enhancement of Photorefraction in Vanadium-Doped Lithium Niobate through Iron and Zirconium Co-Doping
A series of mono-, double-, and tri-doped LiNbO<sub>3</sub> crystals with vanadium were grown by Czochralski method, and their photorefractive properties were investigated. The response time for 0.1 mol% vanadium, 4.0 mol% zirconium, and 0.03 wt.% iron co-doped lithium niobate crystal at...
Main Authors: | Shahzad Saeed, Hongde Liu, Liyun Xue, Dahuai Zheng, Shiguo Liu, Shaolin Chen, Yongfa Kong, Romano Rupp, Jingjun Xu |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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Series: | Materials |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/19/3143 |
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