Urbanisation and wing asymmetry in the western honey bee (Apis mellifera, Linnaeus 1758) at multiple scales
Changes in the mean and variance of phenotypic traits like wing and head morphology are frequently used as indicators of environmental stress experienced during development and may serve as a convenient index of urbanization exposure. To test this claim, we collected adult western honey bee (Apis me...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2018-12-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/5940.pdf |