Polyphenol and Microbial Profile of On-farm Cocoa Beans Fermented with Selected Microbial Consortia
<p><a href="/public/journals/52/2-bagolu.png"><img src="/public/site/images/mmoslemi/2-Bagolu_Small.png" alt="" /></a></p><p><strong>Background and Objective: </strong>Quality and preference of cocoa as raw material for va...
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Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences
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doaj-2aa3f32f93d14927b8e9196893088dee2020-11-25T00:25:45ZengShahid Behehsti University of Medical SciencesApplied Food Biotechnology2345-53572423-42142017-09-014422924010.22037/afb.v4i4.168459367Polyphenol and Microbial Profile of On-farm Cocoa Beans Fermented with Selected Microbial ConsortiaTochukwu Vincent Balogu0Azuonye R. Onyeagba1Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria.Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.<p><a href="/public/journals/52/2-bagolu.png"><img src="/public/site/images/mmoslemi/2-Bagolu_Small.png" alt="" /></a></p><p><strong>Background and Objective: </strong>Quality and preference of cocoa as raw material for various mcocoa products primarily depend on fermentation techniques that modulate the resultant flavour and the phytochemical properties. This study investigated the combined effect of selected microbial consortia and bioreactors on phytochemical profiles of fermented cocoa beans.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods: </strong>Three microbial consortia labeled as Treatments (T-1, T-2, T-3) were used as starter culture (≈105cells ml-1) for on-farm cocoa fermentation on three chambers (basket, woodbox, and plastic) for 7 days. These novel consortia were T-1, <em>Staphylococcus </em>spp + <em>Pseudomonas </em>spp+ <em>Bacillus </em>spp, T-2, <em>Staphylococcus </em>spp + <em>Pseudomonas </em>spp +<em>L. lactis</em>, and T-3, <em>Bacillus </em>spp+ <em>Lactobacillus </em>spp + <em>Saccharomyces </em>spp+ <em>Torulopsis </em>spp.</p><p><strong>Results and Conclusion: </strong>The microbial profile were significantly (P≤0.05) altered by all treatments (T-1, T-2, T-3) and microbial frequency was enhanced by 5 -22.5%. T-3 and T-1 significantly altered phenolic content in basket chamber. Tannin was significantly (p≤0.05) varied by T-1(basket, plastic, wood box) and T-2(plastic). Tannin: polyphenol conversion ratio adopted as fermented cocoa bean quality benchmark was significantly enhanced by T-1 (basket, woodbox) and T-2 (plastic), but was significantly suppressed by T-3 (basket). This study evidently concluded that the appropriate synergy of microbial flora and fermenting chambers could achieve good cocoa quality with low polyphenol content (best for cocoa beverages) or high polyphenol content (best for pharmaceutical, confectionery and nutraceutical industries). These findings would avail an economic alternative to the expensive polyphenol reconstitution of cocoa butter used for various industrial products, thereby maximizing economic benefits for both cocoa farmers and industrialists.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest: </strong>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>http://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/afb/article/view/16845▪ Cocoa ▪ Fermentation ▪ Microbial consortia ▪ Polyphenol |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tochukwu Vincent Balogu Azuonye R. Onyeagba |
spellingShingle |
Tochukwu Vincent Balogu Azuonye R. Onyeagba Polyphenol and Microbial Profile of On-farm Cocoa Beans Fermented with Selected Microbial Consortia Applied Food Biotechnology ▪ Cocoa ▪ Fermentation ▪ Microbial consortia ▪ Polyphenol |
author_facet |
Tochukwu Vincent Balogu Azuonye R. Onyeagba |
author_sort |
Tochukwu Vincent Balogu |
title |
Polyphenol and Microbial Profile of On-farm Cocoa Beans Fermented with Selected Microbial Consortia |
title_short |
Polyphenol and Microbial Profile of On-farm Cocoa Beans Fermented with Selected Microbial Consortia |
title_full |
Polyphenol and Microbial Profile of On-farm Cocoa Beans Fermented with Selected Microbial Consortia |
title_fullStr |
Polyphenol and Microbial Profile of On-farm Cocoa Beans Fermented with Selected Microbial Consortia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Polyphenol and Microbial Profile of On-farm Cocoa Beans Fermented with Selected Microbial Consortia |
title_sort |
polyphenol and microbial profile of on-farm cocoa beans fermented with selected microbial consortia |
publisher |
Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences |
series |
Applied Food Biotechnology |
issn |
2345-5357 2423-4214 |
publishDate |
2017-09-01 |
description |
<p><a href="/public/journals/52/2-bagolu.png"><img src="/public/site/images/mmoslemi/2-Bagolu_Small.png" alt="" /></a></p><p><strong>Background and Objective: </strong>Quality and preference of cocoa as raw material for various mcocoa products primarily depend on fermentation techniques that modulate the resultant flavour and the phytochemical properties. This study investigated the combined effect of selected microbial consortia and bioreactors on phytochemical profiles of fermented cocoa beans.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods: </strong>Three microbial consortia labeled as Treatments (T-1, T-2, T-3) were used as starter culture (≈105cells ml-1) for on-farm cocoa fermentation on three chambers (basket, woodbox, and plastic) for 7 days. These novel consortia were T-1, <em>Staphylococcus </em>spp + <em>Pseudomonas </em>spp+ <em>Bacillus </em>spp, T-2, <em>Staphylococcus </em>spp + <em>Pseudomonas </em>spp +<em>L. lactis</em>, and T-3, <em>Bacillus </em>spp+ <em>Lactobacillus </em>spp + <em>Saccharomyces </em>spp+ <em>Torulopsis </em>spp.</p><p><strong>Results and Conclusion: </strong>The microbial profile were significantly (P≤0.05) altered by all treatments (T-1, T-2, T-3) and microbial frequency was enhanced by 5 -22.5%. T-3 and T-1 significantly altered phenolic content in basket chamber. Tannin was significantly (p≤0.05) varied by T-1(basket, plastic, wood box) and T-2(plastic). Tannin: polyphenol conversion ratio adopted as fermented cocoa bean quality benchmark was significantly enhanced by T-1 (basket, woodbox) and T-2 (plastic), but was significantly suppressed by T-3 (basket). This study evidently concluded that the appropriate synergy of microbial flora and fermenting chambers could achieve good cocoa quality with low polyphenol content (best for cocoa beverages) or high polyphenol content (best for pharmaceutical, confectionery and nutraceutical industries). These findings would avail an economic alternative to the expensive polyphenol reconstitution of cocoa butter used for various industrial products, thereby maximizing economic benefits for both cocoa farmers and industrialists.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest: </strong>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p> |
topic |
▪ Cocoa ▪ Fermentation ▪ Microbial consortia ▪ Polyphenol |
url |
http://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/afb/article/view/16845 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT tochukwuvincentbalogu polyphenolandmicrobialprofileofonfarmcocoabeansfermentedwithselectedmicrobialconsortia AT azuonyeronyeagba polyphenolandmicrobialprofileofonfarmcocoabeansfermentedwithselectedmicrobialconsortia |
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1725347100996141056 |