Life cycle bioenergetics of the gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) in the Baltic Sea: Population response to environmental stress

Wildlife population dynamics are shaped by multiple natural and anthropogenic factors, including predation, competition, stressful life history events, and external environmental stressors such as diseases and pollution. Marine mammals such as gray seals rely on extensive blubber layers for insulati...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Willian T.A.F. Silva, Karin C. Harding, Gonçalo M. Marques, Britt Marie Bäcklin, Christian Sonne, Rune Dietz, Kaarina Kauhala, Jean-Pierre Desforges
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-12-01
Series:Environment International
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020321000