Sexual Dimorphism in Outcomes of Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Role of CD163+ Macrophages, B cells, and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint
Background: Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is over three times as common in men as it is in women; however, female patients do not respond as well to immunotherapeutic treatments and experience worse clinical outcomes than their male counterparts. Based on the established sexual dimorphi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2021-07-01
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| Series: | European Urology Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666168321000938 |