Evaluating the probability of CRISPR‐based gene drive contaminating another species
Abstract The probability D that a given clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based gene drive element contaminates another, nontarget species can be estimated by the following Drive Risk Assessment Quantitative Estimate (DRAQUE) Equation: D=hyb+transf×express×cut×flank×...
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doaj-332bc841d7c444baa02a380cfc1527432020-11-25T01:59:05ZengWileyEvolutionary Applications1752-45712020-09-011381888190510.1111/eva.12939Evaluating the probability of CRISPR‐based gene drive contaminating another speciesVirginie Courtier‐Orgogozo0Antoine Danchin1Pierre‐Henri Gouyon2Christophe Boëte3Institut Jacques Monod CNRS UMR 7592 Université de Paris Paris FranceInstitut Cochin INSERM U1016 – CNRS UMR8104 – Université Paris Descartes Paris FranceInstitut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS Sorbonne Université EPHE UA Paris FranceISEM Université de Montpellier CNRS EPHE IRD Montpellier FranceAbstract The probability D that a given clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based gene drive element contaminates another, nontarget species can be estimated by the following Drive Risk Assessment Quantitative Estimate (DRAQUE) Equation: D=hyb+transf×express×cut×flank×immune×nonextinct with hyb = probability of hybridization between the target species and a nontarget species; transf = probability of horizontal transfer of a piece of DNA containing the gene drive cassette from the target species to a nontarget species (with no hybridization); express = probability that the Cas9 and guide RNA genes are expressed; cut = probability that the CRISPR‐guide RNA recognizes and cuts at a DNA site in the new host; flank = probability that the gene drive cassette inserts at the cut site; immune = probability that the immune system does not reject Cas9‐expressing cells; nonextinct = probability of invasion of the drive within the population. We discuss and estimate each of the seven parameters of the equation, with particular emphasis on possible transfers within insects, and between rodents and humans. We conclude from current data that the probability of a gene drive cassette to contaminate another species is not insignificant. We propose strategies to reduce this risk and call for more work on estimating all the parameters of the formula.https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12939biotechnologygenetically modified organismshybridizationmolecular evolutionpopulation geneticsrisk assessment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Virginie Courtier‐Orgogozo Antoine Danchin Pierre‐Henri Gouyon Christophe Boëte |
spellingShingle |
Virginie Courtier‐Orgogozo Antoine Danchin Pierre‐Henri Gouyon Christophe Boëte Evaluating the probability of CRISPR‐based gene drive contaminating another species Evolutionary Applications biotechnology genetically modified organisms hybridization molecular evolution population genetics risk assessment |
author_facet |
Virginie Courtier‐Orgogozo Antoine Danchin Pierre‐Henri Gouyon Christophe Boëte |
author_sort |
Virginie Courtier‐Orgogozo |
title |
Evaluating the probability of CRISPR‐based gene drive contaminating another species |
title_short |
Evaluating the probability of CRISPR‐based gene drive contaminating another species |
title_full |
Evaluating the probability of CRISPR‐based gene drive contaminating another species |
title_fullStr |
Evaluating the probability of CRISPR‐based gene drive contaminating another species |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating the probability of CRISPR‐based gene drive contaminating another species |
title_sort |
evaluating the probability of crispr‐based gene drive contaminating another species |
publisher |
Wiley |
series |
Evolutionary Applications |
issn |
1752-4571 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Abstract The probability D that a given clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based gene drive element contaminates another, nontarget species can be estimated by the following Drive Risk Assessment Quantitative Estimate (DRAQUE) Equation: D=hyb+transf×express×cut×flank×immune×nonextinct with hyb = probability of hybridization between the target species and a nontarget species; transf = probability of horizontal transfer of a piece of DNA containing the gene drive cassette from the target species to a nontarget species (with no hybridization); express = probability that the Cas9 and guide RNA genes are expressed; cut = probability that the CRISPR‐guide RNA recognizes and cuts at a DNA site in the new host; flank = probability that the gene drive cassette inserts at the cut site; immune = probability that the immune system does not reject Cas9‐expressing cells; nonextinct = probability of invasion of the drive within the population. We discuss and estimate each of the seven parameters of the equation, with particular emphasis on possible transfers within insects, and between rodents and humans. We conclude from current data that the probability of a gene drive cassette to contaminate another species is not insignificant. We propose strategies to reduce this risk and call for more work on estimating all the parameters of the formula. |
topic |
biotechnology genetically modified organisms hybridization molecular evolution population genetics risk assessment |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12939 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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