Enhanced Glycolysis Is Required for Antileishmanial Functions of Neutrophils Upon Infection With Leishmania donovani
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal parasitic disease if untreated. Treatment options of VL diminish due to emerging drug resistance. Although the principal host cells for the multiplication of Leishmania are macrophages, neutrophils are the first cells infected with the parasites rapidly after p...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.632512/full |
id |
doaj-3772c07e23fe472cb0d1e554f469946c |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-3772c07e23fe472cb0d1e554f469946c2021-03-19T04:48:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-03-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.632512632512Enhanced Glycolysis Is Required for Antileishmanial Functions of Neutrophils Upon Infection With Leishmania donovaniMareike Ohms0Carolina Ferreira1Carolina Ferreira2Hauke Busch3Inken Wohlers4Ana Cristina Guerra de Souza5Ricardo Silvestre6Ricardo Silvestre7Tamás Laskay8Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, PortugalMedical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyMedical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology (EMB), Lübeck, GermanyLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, PortugalDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal parasitic disease if untreated. Treatment options of VL diminish due to emerging drug resistance. Although the principal host cells for the multiplication of Leishmania are macrophages, neutrophils are the first cells infected with the parasites rapidly after parasite inoculation. Leishmania can survive in neutrophils despite the potent antimicrobial effector functions of neutrophils that can eliminate the parasites. Recently, the growing field of immunometabolism provided strong evidence for the therapeutic potential in targeting metabolic processes as a means of controlling immune effector functions. Therefore, the understanding of the immunometabolic profile of neutrophils during Leishmania infection could provide new promising targets for host-directed therapies against VL. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the bioenergetics profile of L. donovani-infected primary human neutrophils. Transcriptome analysis of L. donovani-infected neutrophils revealed an early significant upregulation of several glycolytic enzymes. Extracellular flux analysis showed that glycolysis and glycolytic capacity were upregulated in L. donovani-infected neutrophils at 6 h post infection. An increased glucose uptake and accumulation of glycolytic end products were further signs for an elevated glycolytic metabolism in L. donovani-infected neutrophils. At the same time point, oxidative phosphorylation provided NADPH for the oxidative burst but did not contribute to ATP production. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2-DG significantly reduced the survival of L. donovani promastigotes in neutrophils and in culture. However, this reduction was due to a direct antileishmanial effect of 2-DG and not a consequence of enhanced antileishmanial activity of neutrophils. To further address the impact of glucose metabolism during the first days of infection in vivo, we treated C57BL/6 mice with 2-DG prior to infection with L. donovani and assessed the parasite load one day and seven days post infection. Our results show, that seven days post-infection the parasite load of 2-DG treated animals was significantly higher than in mock treated animals. This data indicates that glycolysis serves as major energy source for antimicrobial effector functions against L. donovani. Inhibition of glycolysis abrogates important neutrophil effector functions that are necessary the initial control of Leishmania infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.632512/fullneutrophilsglucose metabolismglycolysis (glycolytic pathway)oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)leishmaniahost-directed therapy (HDT) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mareike Ohms Carolina Ferreira Carolina Ferreira Hauke Busch Inken Wohlers Ana Cristina Guerra de Souza Ricardo Silvestre Ricardo Silvestre Tamás Laskay |
spellingShingle |
Mareike Ohms Carolina Ferreira Carolina Ferreira Hauke Busch Inken Wohlers Ana Cristina Guerra de Souza Ricardo Silvestre Ricardo Silvestre Tamás Laskay Enhanced Glycolysis Is Required for Antileishmanial Functions of Neutrophils Upon Infection With Leishmania donovani Frontiers in Immunology neutrophils glucose metabolism glycolysis (glycolytic pathway) oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) leishmania host-directed therapy (HDT) |
author_facet |
Mareike Ohms Carolina Ferreira Carolina Ferreira Hauke Busch Inken Wohlers Ana Cristina Guerra de Souza Ricardo Silvestre Ricardo Silvestre Tamás Laskay |
author_sort |
Mareike Ohms |
title |
Enhanced Glycolysis Is Required for Antileishmanial Functions of Neutrophils Upon Infection With Leishmania donovani |
title_short |
Enhanced Glycolysis Is Required for Antileishmanial Functions of Neutrophils Upon Infection With Leishmania donovani |
title_full |
Enhanced Glycolysis Is Required for Antileishmanial Functions of Neutrophils Upon Infection With Leishmania donovani |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced Glycolysis Is Required for Antileishmanial Functions of Neutrophils Upon Infection With Leishmania donovani |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced Glycolysis Is Required for Antileishmanial Functions of Neutrophils Upon Infection With Leishmania donovani |
title_sort |
enhanced glycolysis is required for antileishmanial functions of neutrophils upon infection with leishmania donovani |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal parasitic disease if untreated. Treatment options of VL diminish due to emerging drug resistance. Although the principal host cells for the multiplication of Leishmania are macrophages, neutrophils are the first cells infected with the parasites rapidly after parasite inoculation. Leishmania can survive in neutrophils despite the potent antimicrobial effector functions of neutrophils that can eliminate the parasites. Recently, the growing field of immunometabolism provided strong evidence for the therapeutic potential in targeting metabolic processes as a means of controlling immune effector functions. Therefore, the understanding of the immunometabolic profile of neutrophils during Leishmania infection could provide new promising targets for host-directed therapies against VL. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the bioenergetics profile of L. donovani-infected primary human neutrophils. Transcriptome analysis of L. donovani-infected neutrophils revealed an early significant upregulation of several glycolytic enzymes. Extracellular flux analysis showed that glycolysis and glycolytic capacity were upregulated in L. donovani-infected neutrophils at 6 h post infection. An increased glucose uptake and accumulation of glycolytic end products were further signs for an elevated glycolytic metabolism in L. donovani-infected neutrophils. At the same time point, oxidative phosphorylation provided NADPH for the oxidative burst but did not contribute to ATP production. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2-DG significantly reduced the survival of L. donovani promastigotes in neutrophils and in culture. However, this reduction was due to a direct antileishmanial effect of 2-DG and not a consequence of enhanced antileishmanial activity of neutrophils. To further address the impact of glucose metabolism during the first days of infection in vivo, we treated C57BL/6 mice with 2-DG prior to infection with L. donovani and assessed the parasite load one day and seven days post infection. Our results show, that seven days post-infection the parasite load of 2-DG treated animals was significantly higher than in mock treated animals. This data indicates that glycolysis serves as major energy source for antimicrobial effector functions against L. donovani. Inhibition of glycolysis abrogates important neutrophil effector functions that are necessary the initial control of Leishmania infection. |
topic |
neutrophils glucose metabolism glycolysis (glycolytic pathway) oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) leishmania host-directed therapy (HDT) |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.632512/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mareikeohms enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani AT carolinaferreira enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani AT carolinaferreira enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani AT haukebusch enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani AT inkenwohlers enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani AT anacristinaguerradesouza enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani AT ricardosilvestre enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani AT ricardosilvestre enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani AT tamaslaskay enhancedglycolysisisrequiredforantileishmanialfunctionsofneutrophilsuponinfectionwithleishmaniadonovani |
_version_ |
1724214690544877568 |