Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue
Traditional in vitro two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems only partly imitate the physiological and biochemical features of cells in their original tissue. In vivo, in organs and tissues, cells are surrounded by a three-dimensional (3-D) organization of supporting matrix and neighbouring cells, and...
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doaj-3980346d6d8148c5ac3d95aa2a58914e2020-11-25T01:57:38ZengUniversità degli Studi di MilanoInternational Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety2283-39272017-11-014110.13130/2283-3927/85187949Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissueStefan Przyborski0Fulvio Gandolfi1Tiziana A.L. Brevini2Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United KingdomDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, 20133, ItalyUnistem, Centre for Stem Cell Research and 3Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, 20133, ItalyTraditional in vitro two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems only partly imitate the physiological and biochemical features of cells in their original tissue. In vivo, in organs and tissues, cells are surrounded by a three-dimensional (3-D) organization of supporting matrix and neighbouring cells, and a gradient of chemical and mechanical signals. Furthermore, the presence of blood flow and mechanical movement provides a dynamic environment (Jong et al., 2011). In contrast, traditional in vitro culture, carried out on 2-D plastic or glass substrates, typically provides a static environment, which, however is the base of the present understanding of many biological processes, tissue homeostasis as well as disease. It is clear that this is not an exact representation of what is happening in vivo and the microenvironment provided by in vitro cell culture models are significantly different and can cause deviations in cell response and behaviour from those distinctive of in vivo tissues. In order to translate the present basic knowledge in cell control, cell repair and regeneration from the laboratory bench to the clinical application, we need a better understanding of the cell and tissue interactions. This implies a detailed comprehension of the natural tissue environment, with its organization and local signals, in order to more closely mimic what happens in vivo, developing more physiological models for efficient in vitro systems. In particular, it is imperative to understand the role of the environmental cues which can be mainly divided into those of a chemical and mechanical nature.https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/haf/article/view/8518 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Stefan Przyborski Fulvio Gandolfi Tiziana A.L. Brevini |
spellingShingle |
Stefan Przyborski Fulvio Gandolfi Tiziana A.L. Brevini Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety |
author_facet |
Stefan Przyborski Fulvio Gandolfi Tiziana A.L. Brevini |
author_sort |
Stefan Przyborski |
title |
Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue |
title_short |
Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue |
title_full |
Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue |
title_fullStr |
Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue |
title_sort |
bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue |
publisher |
Università degli Studi di Milano |
series |
International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety |
issn |
2283-3927 |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
Traditional in vitro two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems only partly imitate the physiological and biochemical features of cells in their original tissue. In vivo, in organs and tissues, cells are surrounded by a three-dimensional (3-D) organization of supporting matrix and neighbouring cells, and a gradient of chemical and mechanical signals. Furthermore, the presence of blood flow and mechanical movement provides a dynamic environment (Jong et al., 2011). In contrast, traditional in vitro culture, carried out on 2-D plastic or glass substrates, typically provides a static environment, which, however is the base of the present understanding of many biological processes, tissue homeostasis as well as disease.
It is clear that this is not an exact representation of what is happening in vivo and the microenvironment provided by in vitro cell culture models are significantly different and can cause deviations in cell response and behaviour from those distinctive of in vivo tissues.
In order to translate the present basic knowledge in cell control, cell repair and regeneration from the laboratory bench to the clinical application, we need a better understanding of the cell and tissue interactions. This implies a detailed comprehension of the natural tissue environment, with its organization and local signals, in order to more closely mimic what happens in vivo, developing more physiological models for efficient in vitro systems. In particular, it is imperative to understand the role of the environmental cues which can be mainly divided into those of a chemical and mechanical nature. |
url |
https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/haf/article/view/8518 |
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