The Heat Stability of Hepatitis B Virus: A Chronological Review From Human Volunteers and Chimpanzees to Cell Culture Model Systems

During the World War II jaundice and hepatitis in the US army were observed after vaccination with the yellow fever vaccine containing human plasma for stabilization. This led to first heat experiments with volunteers without knowledge of the causative agents. Finally, experiments of human serum wit...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jochen Steinmann, Joerg Steinmann, Eike Steinmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00032/full