Spontaneous Left Cardiac Isomerism in Chick Embryos: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Possible Significance for the Understanding of Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy in the Setting of Human Heterotaxy Syndromes

Spontaneous Left Cardiac Isomerism in Chick Embryos: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Possible Significance for the Understanding of Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy in the Setting of Human Heterotaxy Syndromes

The outer shape of most vertebrates is normally characterized by bilateral symmetry. The inner organs, on the other hand, are normally arranged in bilaterally asymmetric patterns. Congenital deviations from the normal organ asymmetry can occur in the form of mirror imagery of the normal arrangement...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Jörg Männer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-11-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Subjects:
heterotaxy syndromes
cardiac isomerism
chick embryo
<i>pitx2</i>
proepicardium
non-compaction cardiomyopathy
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/6/4/40

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https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/6/4/40

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