Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
The dogma of mitochondria as the major source of energy in supporting sperm motility should be critically reconsidered in the light of several experimental data pointing to a major role of glycolysis in mammalian spermatozoa. In this light, the reported positive correlation between the mitochondrial...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/695 |
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doaj-4232e49751914e3893a279353c9799d22021-04-28T23:03:13ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-04-011069569510.3390/antiox10050695Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and ApoptosisChiara Castellini0Settimio D’Andrea1Giuliana Cordeschi2Maria Totaro3Antonio Parisi4Giovanna Di Emidio5Carla Tatone6Sandro Francavilla7Arcangelo Barbonetti8Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyAndrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyAndrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyAndrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyAndrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyAndrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyAndrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyAndrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyAndrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyThe dogma of mitochondria as the major source of energy in supporting sperm motility should be critically reconsidered in the light of several experimental data pointing to a major role of glycolysis in mammalian spermatozoa. In this light, the reported positive correlation between the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and motility of ejaculated spermatozoa cannot be explained convincingly by an impaired mitochondrial ATP generation only. Evidence has been produced suggesting that, in human sperm, dysfunctional mitochondria represent the main site of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, in these organelles, a complex bidirectional relationship could exist between ROS generation and apoptosis-like events that synergize with oxidative stress in impairing sperm biological integrity and functions. Despite the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant factors, human spermatozoa are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which plays a major role in male factor infertility. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of metabolic, oxidative and apoptosis-like inter-linkages of mitochondrial dysfunction and their reflections on human sperm biology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/695adenosine trisphosphate (ATP)apoptosisglycolysismitochondriaoxidative phosphorylationspermatozoa |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Chiara Castellini Settimio D’Andrea Giuliana Cordeschi Maria Totaro Antonio Parisi Giovanna Di Emidio Carla Tatone Sandro Francavilla Arcangelo Barbonetti |
| spellingShingle |
Chiara Castellini Settimio D’Andrea Giuliana Cordeschi Maria Totaro Antonio Parisi Giovanna Di Emidio Carla Tatone Sandro Francavilla Arcangelo Barbonetti Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Antioxidants adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) apoptosis glycolysis mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation spermatozoa |
| author_facet |
Chiara Castellini Settimio D’Andrea Giuliana Cordeschi Maria Totaro Antonio Parisi Giovanna Di Emidio Carla Tatone Sandro Francavilla Arcangelo Barbonetti |
| author_sort |
Chiara Castellini |
| title |
Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
| title_short |
Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
| title_full |
Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
| title_fullStr |
Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
| title_sort |
pathophysiology of mitochondrial dysfunction in human spermatozoa: focus on energetic metabolism, oxidative stress and apoptosis |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Antioxidants |
| issn |
2076-3921 |
| publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
| description |
The dogma of mitochondria as the major source of energy in supporting sperm motility should be critically reconsidered in the light of several experimental data pointing to a major role of glycolysis in mammalian spermatozoa. In this light, the reported positive correlation between the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and motility of ejaculated spermatozoa cannot be explained convincingly by an impaired mitochondrial ATP generation only. Evidence has been produced suggesting that, in human sperm, dysfunctional mitochondria represent the main site of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, in these organelles, a complex bidirectional relationship could exist between ROS generation and apoptosis-like events that synergize with oxidative stress in impairing sperm biological integrity and functions. Despite the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant factors, human spermatozoa are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which plays a major role in male factor infertility. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of metabolic, oxidative and apoptosis-like inter-linkages of mitochondrial dysfunction and their reflections on human sperm biology. |
| topic |
adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) apoptosis glycolysis mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation spermatozoa |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/695 |
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