Combined Toxicity of Insecticides and Fungicides Applied to California Almond Orchards to Honey Bee Larvae and Adults

Beekeepers providing pollination services for California almond orchards have reported observing dead or malformed brood during and immediately after almond bloom—effects that they attribute to pesticide exposure. The objective of this study was to test commonly used insecticides and fungi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Andrea Wade, Chia-Hua Lin, Colin Kurkul, Erzsébet Ravasz Regan, Reed M. Johnson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-01-01
Series:Insects
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/1/20