Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROS
Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) are commonly used in the field of biomedical materials, but their antitumor activity and mechanism is unclear. Herein, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity of ZrO2 NPs and explored the anti-tumor mechanism. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that...
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doaj-499b8981573943919fe26aacbbf82b982021-03-16T06:03:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462021-03-01910.3389/fchem.2021.522708522708Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROSYinghui Shang0Qinghai Wang1Jian Li2Haiting Liu3Qiangqiang Zhao4Xueyuan Huang5Hang Dong6Wansong Chen7Rong Gui8Xinmin Nie9Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaClinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaZirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) are commonly used in the field of biomedical materials, but their antitumor activity and mechanism is unclear. Herein, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity of ZrO2 NPs and explored the anti-tumor mechanism. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HeLa cells was elevated after ZrO2 NPs treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, the mitochondria of HeLa cells were swollen, accompanied with the induction of autophagic vacuoles. In addition, flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells increased significantly by Annexin staining after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was reduced significantly. The proliferation of HeLa cells decreased as indicated by reduced Ki-67 labeling. In contrast, TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissues increased after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, which is accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial apoptotic proteins including Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Cytochrome C (Cyt C) and increased expression of autophagy-related proteins including Atg5, Atg12, Beclin-1, and LC3-II. Treating HeLa cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced ROS, rate of apoptosis, MMP, and in vivo anti-tumor activity. In addition, apoptosis- and autophagy-related protein expressions were also suppressed. Based on these observations, we conclude that ZrO2 NPs induce HeLa cell death through ROS mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.522708/fullanticancerreactive oxygen speciesautophagyapoptosiszirconia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yinghui Shang Qinghai Wang Jian Li Haiting Liu Qiangqiang Zhao Xueyuan Huang Hang Dong Wansong Chen Rong Gui Xinmin Nie |
spellingShingle |
Yinghui Shang Qinghai Wang Jian Li Haiting Liu Qiangqiang Zhao Xueyuan Huang Hang Dong Wansong Chen Rong Gui Xinmin Nie Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROS Frontiers in Chemistry anticancer reactive oxygen species autophagy apoptosis zirconia |
author_facet |
Yinghui Shang Qinghai Wang Jian Li Haiting Liu Qiangqiang Zhao Xueyuan Huang Hang Dong Wansong Chen Rong Gui Xinmin Nie |
author_sort |
Yinghui Shang |
title |
Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROS |
title_short |
Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROS |
title_full |
Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROS |
title_fullStr |
Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROS |
title_full_unstemmed |
Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROS |
title_sort |
zirconia nanoparticles induce hela cell death through mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy pathways mediated by ros |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Chemistry |
issn |
2296-2646 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) are commonly used in the field of biomedical materials, but their antitumor activity and mechanism is unclear. Herein, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity of ZrO2 NPs and explored the anti-tumor mechanism. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HeLa cells was elevated after ZrO2 NPs treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, the mitochondria of HeLa cells were swollen, accompanied with the induction of autophagic vacuoles. In addition, flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells increased significantly by Annexin staining after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was reduced significantly. The proliferation of HeLa cells decreased as indicated by reduced Ki-67 labeling. In contrast, TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissues increased after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, which is accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial apoptotic proteins including Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Cytochrome C (Cyt C) and increased expression of autophagy-related proteins including Atg5, Atg12, Beclin-1, and LC3-II. Treating HeLa cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced ROS, rate of apoptosis, MMP, and in vivo anti-tumor activity. In addition, apoptosis- and autophagy-related protein expressions were also suppressed. Based on these observations, we conclude that ZrO2 NPs induce HeLa cell death through ROS mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy. |
topic |
anticancer reactive oxygen species autophagy apoptosis zirconia |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.522708/full |
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