Genetic variation in Interleukin-32 influence the immune response against New World Leishmania species and susceptibility to American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.

• Main Authors: Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos, Valéria Bernadete Leite Quixabeira, Muriel Vilela Teodoro Silva, Michelle S M A Damen, Kiki Schraa, Martin Jaeger, Marije Oosting, Samuel T Keating, Miriam Leandro Dorta, Sebastião Alves Pinto, Fernanda Bugalho Duarte, Ledice Inácia de Araújo Pereira, Mihai G Netea, Fátima Ribeiro-Dias, Leo A B Joosten
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2020-02-01
• Series: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008029
• ISSN: 1935-2727; 1935-2735

Interleukin-32 is a novel inflammatory mediator that has been described to be important in the immunopathogenesis and control of infections caused by Leishmania parasites. By performing experiments with primary human cells in vitro, we demonstrate that the expression of IL-32 isoforms is dependent on the time exposed to L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis antigens. Moreover, for the first time we show the functional consequences of three different genetic variations in the IL32 (rs4786370, rs4349147, rs1555001) modulating IL-32γ expression, influencing innate and adaptive cytokine production after Leishmania exposure. Using a Brazilian cohort of 107 American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis patients and a control cohort of 245 healthy individuals, the IL32 rs4786370 genetic variant was associated with protection against ATL, whereas the IL32 rs4349147 was associated with susceptibility to the development of localized cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. These novel insights may help improve therapeutic strategies and lead to benefits for patients suffering from Leishmania infections.