Induced Magnetic Field-Based Indoor Positioning System for Underwater Environments
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are seen as an emerging technology for maritime exploration but are still restricted by the availability of short range, accurate positioning methods necessary, e.g., when docking remote assets. Typical techniques used for high-accuracy positioning in indoor use...
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doaj-4b799d834bed43d58f3fd28892cfb3122021-03-23T00:06:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-03-01212218221810.3390/s21062218Induced Magnetic Field-Based Indoor Positioning System for Underwater EnvironmentsSizhen Bian0Peter Hevesi1Leif Christensen2Paul Lukowicz3Embedded Intelligence, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyEmbedded Intelligence, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyRobotics Innovation Center, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 28359 Bremen, GermanyEmbedded Intelligence, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyAutonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are seen as an emerging technology for maritime exploration but are still restricted by the availability of short range, accurate positioning methods necessary, e.g., when docking remote assets. Typical techniques used for high-accuracy positioning in indoor use case scenarios, such as systems using ultra-wide band radio signals (UWB), cannot be applied for underwater positioning because of the quick absorption of the positioning medium caused by the water. Acoustic and optic solutions for underwater positioning also face known problems, such as the multi-path effects, high propagation delay (acoustics), and environmental dependency. This paper presents an oscillating magnetic field-based indoor and underwater positioning system. Unlike those radio wave-based positioning modalities, the magnetic approach generates a bubble-formed magnetic field that will not be deformed by the environmental variation because of the very similar permeability of water and air. The proposed system achieves an underwater positioning mean accuracy of 13.3 cm in 2D and 19.0 cm in 3D with the multi-lateration positioning method and concludes the potential of the magnetic field-based positioning technique for underwater applications. A similar accuracy was also achieved for various indoor environments that were used to test the influence of cluttered environment and of cross environment. The low cost and power consumption system is scalable for extensive coverage area and could plug-and-play without pre-calibration.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2218magnetic fieldmagnetic inductionunderwater positioningAUV positioning and navigationindoor positioning |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sizhen Bian Peter Hevesi Leif Christensen Paul Lukowicz |
spellingShingle |
Sizhen Bian Peter Hevesi Leif Christensen Paul Lukowicz Induced Magnetic Field-Based Indoor Positioning System for Underwater Environments Sensors magnetic field magnetic induction underwater positioning AUV positioning and navigation indoor positioning |
author_facet |
Sizhen Bian Peter Hevesi Leif Christensen Paul Lukowicz |
author_sort |
Sizhen Bian |
title |
Induced Magnetic Field-Based Indoor Positioning System for Underwater Environments |
title_short |
Induced Magnetic Field-Based Indoor Positioning System for Underwater Environments |
title_full |
Induced Magnetic Field-Based Indoor Positioning System for Underwater Environments |
title_fullStr |
Induced Magnetic Field-Based Indoor Positioning System for Underwater Environments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Induced Magnetic Field-Based Indoor Positioning System for Underwater Environments |
title_sort |
induced magnetic field-based indoor positioning system for underwater environments |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are seen as an emerging technology for maritime exploration but are still restricted by the availability of short range, accurate positioning methods necessary, e.g., when docking remote assets. Typical techniques used for high-accuracy positioning in indoor use case scenarios, such as systems using ultra-wide band radio signals (UWB), cannot be applied for underwater positioning because of the quick absorption of the positioning medium caused by the water. Acoustic and optic solutions for underwater positioning also face known problems, such as the multi-path effects, high propagation delay (acoustics), and environmental dependency. This paper presents an oscillating magnetic field-based indoor and underwater positioning system. Unlike those radio wave-based positioning modalities, the magnetic approach generates a bubble-formed magnetic field that will not be deformed by the environmental variation because of the very similar permeability of water and air. The proposed system achieves an underwater positioning mean accuracy of 13.3 cm in 2D and 19.0 cm in 3D with the multi-lateration positioning method and concludes the potential of the magnetic field-based positioning technique for underwater applications. A similar accuracy was also achieved for various indoor environments that were used to test the influence of cluttered environment and of cross environment. The low cost and power consumption system is scalable for extensive coverage area and could plug-and-play without pre-calibration. |
topic |
magnetic field magnetic induction underwater positioning AUV positioning and navigation indoor positioning |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2218 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sizhenbian inducedmagneticfieldbasedindoorpositioningsystemforunderwaterenvironments AT peterhevesi inducedmagneticfieldbasedindoorpositioningsystemforunderwaterenvironments AT leifchristensen inducedmagneticfieldbasedindoorpositioningsystemforunderwaterenvironments AT paullukowicz inducedmagneticfieldbasedindoorpositioningsystemforunderwaterenvironments |
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