| Summary: | Breeding for disease resistance has been one of the most important research objectives in melon for the last few decades. Fusarium wilt caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>melonis</i> (<i>Fom</i>) is among the most threatening melon fungal diseases along the Mediterranean coast, affecting yield and quality. Since genetic resistance is one of the best sustainable strategies that can be used to control this pathogen, 27 Tunisian melon accessions collected from local farmers have been tested using phenotypic and molecular approaches to identify new sources of resistance to be used directly as cultivars in affected areas or as resistance donors in breeding programs. The phenotypic evaluations, using artificial inoculations, showed several resistant accessions to the pathogenic races of <i>Fom</i>. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed that 13 out of 27 accessions carried the resistance <i>Fom</i>-1 gene (7 in homozygous state and 6 in heterozygous state), confirming their resistance to races 0 and 2. Two of them were also identified as heterozygous for the <i>Fom</i>-2 gene, being resistant to races 0 and 1. Furthermore, two accessions with a high level of resistance to the most virulent race 1.2 have been also reported. This melon germplasm should be explored as a potential source of resistance genes in breeding programs to develop new resistant melon cultivars.
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