Synergies of Antiangiogenic Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Theoretical Background to Clinical Reality

Synergies of Antiangiogenic Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Theoretical Background to Clinical Reality

The hallmarks of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are angiogenesis and immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Over the past decades, treatment options for metastatic RCC (mRCC) have been expanding, from the inhibition of vessel formation via antiangiogenic agents (AAs) to the stimulation of immune system by...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiaohan Zhou, Wanting Hou, Ling Gao, Lin Shui, Cheng Yi, Hong Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
metastatic renal cell carcinoma
tumor microenvironment
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
antiangiogenic agents
immunotherapy
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2020.01321/full

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https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2020.01321/full

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