Effects of the acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus and the microsporidian Dictyocoela duebenum on energy reserves and stress response of cadmium exposed Gammarus fossarum
Amphipods are commonly parasitized by acanthocephalans and microsporidians and co-infections are found frequently. Both groups of parasites are known to have severe effects on their host. For example, microsporidians can modify host sex ratio and acanthocephalans can manipulate the behavior of the a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2015-10-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/1353.pdf |