The Effects of the Emission Cost on Route Choices of International Container Ships
Maritime freight shipping has increased significantly and air pollution from international ships has grown accordingly, having serious environmental effects all over the world. This paper analyzes the effects of the emission cost on ocean route choices, focusing on international container ships. Fir...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Mathematical Problems in Engineering |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6850308 |