Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled Structure
Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is a widely used technique to prepare particulate carriers based on various polymers, and it was proven to be a promising technology for the industrial production of drug loaded nanoparticles. However, up to now, only its application to hydrophobic compounds has been de...
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doaj-5af256eca9cf40a394fdb9d554c76ef52020-11-24T20:41:46ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602018-10-011010109210.3390/polym10101092polym10101092Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled StructureDaniele Massella0Edvige Celasco1Fabien Salaün2Ada Ferri3Antonello A. Barresi4Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (TO), ItalyDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova (GE), ItalyENSAIT, GEMTEX—Laboratoire de Génie et Matériaux Textiles, F-59000 Lille, FranceDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (TO), ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (TO), ItalyFlash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is a widely used technique to prepare particulate carriers based on various polymers, and it was proven to be a promising technology for the industrial production of drug loaded nanoparticles. However, up to now, only its application to hydrophobic compounds has been deeply studied and the encapsulation of some strongly hydrophilic compounds, such as caffeine, remains a challenge. Caffeine loaded poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles were produced in a confined impinging jet mixer using acetone as the solvent and water as the antisolvent. Caffeine was dissolved either in acetone or in water to assess the effects of two different process conditions. Nanoparticles properties were assessed in terms of loading capacity (LC%), encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and in vitro release kinetics. Samples were further characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photo electron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy to determine the size, morphology, and structure of nanoparticles. FNP was proved an effective technique for entrapping caffeine in PCL and to control its release behavior. The solvent used to solubilize caffeine influences the final structure of the obtained particles. It was observed that the active principle was preferentially adsorbed at the surface when using acetone, while with water, it was embedded in the matrix structure. The present research highlights the possibility of extending the range of applications of FNP to hydrophilic molecules.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/10/1092nanoparticlescaffeineflash nanoprecipitationsolvent displacementdrug deliveryPCLCIJMencapsulation efficiencyhydrophilic compoundsurface properties |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Daniele Massella Edvige Celasco Fabien Salaün Ada Ferri Antonello A. Barresi |
spellingShingle |
Daniele Massella Edvige Celasco Fabien Salaün Ada Ferri Antonello A. Barresi Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled Structure Polymers nanoparticles caffeine flash nanoprecipitation solvent displacement drug delivery PCL CIJM encapsulation efficiency hydrophilic compound surface properties |
author_facet |
Daniele Massella Edvige Celasco Fabien Salaün Ada Ferri Antonello A. Barresi |
author_sort |
Daniele Massella |
title |
Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled Structure |
title_short |
Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled Structure |
title_full |
Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled Structure |
title_fullStr |
Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled Structure |
title_full_unstemmed |
Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled Structure |
title_sort |
overcoming the limits of flash nanoprecipitation: effective loading of hydrophilic drug into polymeric nanoparticles with controlled structure |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2018-10-01 |
description |
Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is a widely used technique to prepare particulate carriers based on various polymers, and it was proven to be a promising technology for the industrial production of drug loaded nanoparticles. However, up to now, only its application to hydrophobic compounds has been deeply studied and the encapsulation of some strongly hydrophilic compounds, such as caffeine, remains a challenge. Caffeine loaded poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles were produced in a confined impinging jet mixer using acetone as the solvent and water as the antisolvent. Caffeine was dissolved either in acetone or in water to assess the effects of two different process conditions. Nanoparticles properties were assessed in terms of loading capacity (LC%), encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and in vitro release kinetics. Samples were further characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photo electron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy to determine the size, morphology, and structure of nanoparticles. FNP was proved an effective technique for entrapping caffeine in PCL and to control its release behavior. The solvent used to solubilize caffeine influences the final structure of the obtained particles. It was observed that the active principle was preferentially adsorbed at the surface when using acetone, while with water, it was embedded in the matrix structure. The present research highlights the possibility of extending the range of applications of FNP to hydrophilic molecules. |
topic |
nanoparticles caffeine flash nanoprecipitation solvent displacement drug delivery PCL CIJM encapsulation efficiency hydrophilic compound surface properties |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/10/1092 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT danielemassella overcomingthelimitsofflashnanoprecipitationeffectiveloadingofhydrophilicdrugintopolymericnanoparticleswithcontrolledstructure AT edvigecelasco overcomingthelimitsofflashnanoprecipitationeffectiveloadingofhydrophilicdrugintopolymericnanoparticleswithcontrolledstructure AT fabiensalaun overcomingthelimitsofflashnanoprecipitationeffectiveloadingofhydrophilicdrugintopolymericnanoparticleswithcontrolledstructure AT adaferri overcomingthelimitsofflashnanoprecipitationeffectiveloadingofhydrophilicdrugintopolymericnanoparticleswithcontrolledstructure AT antonelloabarresi overcomingthelimitsofflashnanoprecipitationeffectiveloadingofhydrophilicdrugintopolymericnanoparticleswithcontrolledstructure |
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1716823970714484736 |