Tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs) promote immunosuppression through induction of M2-like macrophages with increased expression of PD-L1

Abstract Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitate tumor progression via establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is poorly understood how tumor cells could functionally modulate TAMs. Our previous work indicated that tumor cell-released autopha...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhi-Fa Wen, Hongxiang Liu, Rong Gao, Meng Zhou, Jie Ma, Yue Zhang, Jinjin Zhao, Yongqiang Chen, Tianyu Zhang, Fang Huang, Ning Pan, Jinping Zhang, Bernard A. Fox, Hong-Ming Hu, Li-Xin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2018-12-01
Series:Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40425-018-0452-5