Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) Obtained by Green Extraction Technologies
This work presents a green, downstream process, from extraction to phytochemical characterization and bioactivity testing, to obtain and evaluate the functional properties of phenolic compounds from cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) seeds and pods. Phenolic-rich extracts were...
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doaj-6125afcafee14319bd19cee1c72ea5362021-04-02T19:47:09ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-01-011116216210.3390/agronomy11010162Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) Obtained by Green Extraction TechnologiesM.V. Avanza0G. Álvarez-Rivera1A. Cifuentes2J.A. Mendiola3E. Ibáñez4Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura-UNNE and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Libertad 5470, Corrientes 3400, ArgentinaFoodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainFoodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainFoodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainFoodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, SpainThis work presents a green, downstream process, from extraction to phytochemical characterization and bioactivity testing, to obtain and evaluate the functional properties of phenolic compounds from cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) seeds and pods. Phenolic-rich extracts were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The main factors affecting the extraction conditions (temperature and solvent) were optimized in order to attain extracts with the highest extraction yield, antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content. The optimal extraction conditions were 1:1 ethanol:water at 170 °C with one extraction cycle for seeds and three extraction cycles for pods. Phenolic compounds of optimal extract were analyzed by UHPLC-q-TOF-MS/MS (quadrupole-time of flight tandem MS). The obtained PLE-extracts exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to conventional extraction procedures. The in vitro anti-neurodegenerative potential of extracts was measured through Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay. The results revealed the higher bioactivity observed in cowpea pod samples compared to seed extracts, which might be related to higher levels of quercetin and quercetin glycosides, kaempferol diglucoside, and other tetrahydroxylated flavones and flavonols identified in these samples. These results also provide an added-value benefit to the cultivation of this legume, considering the high potential of cowpea phenolic extracts as nutraceutical and functional ingredients in food formulations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/1/162pressurized liquid extractiongreen extractioncowpeaphenolic compoundsantioxidant capacityneuroprotective properties |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
M.V. Avanza G. Álvarez-Rivera A. Cifuentes J.A. Mendiola E. Ibáñez |
spellingShingle |
M.V. Avanza G. Álvarez-Rivera A. Cifuentes J.A. Mendiola E. Ibáñez Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) Obtained by Green Extraction Technologies Agronomy pressurized liquid extraction green extraction cowpea phenolic compounds antioxidant capacity neuroprotective properties |
author_facet |
M.V. Avanza G. Álvarez-Rivera A. Cifuentes J.A. Mendiola E. Ibáñez |
author_sort |
M.V. Avanza |
title |
Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) Obtained by Green Extraction Technologies |
title_short |
Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) Obtained by Green Extraction Technologies |
title_full |
Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) Obtained by Green Extraction Technologies |
title_fullStr |
Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) Obtained by Green Extraction Technologies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) Obtained by Green Extraction Technologies |
title_sort |
phytochemical and functional characterization of phenolic compounds from cowpea (<i>vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.</i>) obtained by green extraction technologies |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
This work presents a green, downstream process, from extraction to phytochemical characterization and bioactivity testing, to obtain and evaluate the functional properties of phenolic compounds from cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.</i>) seeds and pods. Phenolic-rich extracts were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The main factors affecting the extraction conditions (temperature and solvent) were optimized in order to attain extracts with the highest extraction yield, antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content. The optimal extraction conditions were 1:1 ethanol:water at 170 °C with one extraction cycle for seeds and three extraction cycles for pods. Phenolic compounds of optimal extract were analyzed by UHPLC-q-TOF-MS/MS (quadrupole-time of flight tandem MS). The obtained PLE-extracts exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to conventional extraction procedures. The in vitro anti-neurodegenerative potential of extracts was measured through Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay. The results revealed the higher bioactivity observed in cowpea pod samples compared to seed extracts, which might be related to higher levels of quercetin and quercetin glycosides, kaempferol diglucoside, and other tetrahydroxylated flavones and flavonols identified in these samples. These results also provide an added-value benefit to the cultivation of this legume, considering the high potential of cowpea phenolic extracts as nutraceutical and functional ingredients in food formulations. |
topic |
pressurized liquid extraction green extraction cowpea phenolic compounds antioxidant capacity neuroprotective properties |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/1/162 |
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