Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011
The role animal food plays in the introduction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria into the human food chain is not well understood. We conducted an analysis of 1025 samples (647 pet food and 378 animal feed) collected across the United States during 2005–2011 for two indicator organisms (<i>E...
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doaj-6ac7ece7755b40f6add431b115de5c292020-11-25T03:43:19ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-07-0181048104810.3390/microorganisms8071048Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011Beilei Ge0Kelly J. Domesle1Stuart A. Gaines2Claudia Lam3Sonya M. Bodeis Jones4Qianru Yang5Sherry L. Ayers6Patrick F. McDermott7Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USADivision of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USADivision of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USADivision of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USADivision of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USADivision of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USADivision of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USADivision of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USAThe role animal food plays in the introduction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria into the human food chain is not well understood. We conducted an analysis of 1025 samples (647 pet food and 378 animal feed) collected across the United States during 2005–2011 for two indicator organisms (<i>Escherichia coli </i>and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp.). The overall prevalence ranged from 12.5% for <i>E. coli</i> to 45.2% for <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., and 11.2% of samples harbored both organisms. Regardless of bacterial genus, animal feed had significantly higher prevalence than pet food (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A general downward trend in prevalence was observed from 2005 to 2009 followed by an upward trend thereafter. Among <i>E. coli</i> isolates (<i>n</i> = 241), resistance was highest to tetracycline (11.2%) and below 5% for fourteen other antimicrobials. Among <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. isolates (<i>n</i> = 1074), <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (95.1%) was the predominant species. Resistance was most common to tetracycline (30.1%) and ciprofloxacin (10.7%), but below 10% for thirteen other antimicrobials. Multidrug-resistant organisms were observed among both <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. isolates at 3.3%. Compared to National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) 2011 retail meat and animal data, the overall resistance for both organisms was much lower in animal food. These findings help establish a historic baseline for the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among U.S. animal food products and future efforts may be needed to monitor changes over time.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1048animal feedanimal foodantimicrobial susceptibility<i>Enterococcus</i><i>Escherichia coli</i>pet food |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Beilei Ge Kelly J. Domesle Stuart A. Gaines Claudia Lam Sonya M. Bodeis Jones Qianru Yang Sherry L. Ayers Patrick F. McDermott |
spellingShingle |
Beilei Ge Kelly J. Domesle Stuart A. Gaines Claudia Lam Sonya M. Bodeis Jones Qianru Yang Sherry L. Ayers Patrick F. McDermott Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011 Microorganisms animal feed animal food antimicrobial susceptibility <i>Enterococcus</i> <i>Escherichia coli</i> pet food |
author_facet |
Beilei Ge Kelly J. Domesle Stuart A. Gaines Claudia Lam Sonya M. Bodeis Jones Qianru Yang Sherry L. Ayers Patrick F. McDermott |
author_sort |
Beilei Ge |
title |
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011 |
title_short |
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011 |
title_full |
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011 |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011 |
title_sort |
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of indicator organisms <i>escherichia coli</i> and <i>enterococcus</i> spp. isolated from u.s. animal food, 2005–2011 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
The role animal food plays in the introduction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria into the human food chain is not well understood. We conducted an analysis of 1025 samples (647 pet food and 378 animal feed) collected across the United States during 2005–2011 for two indicator organisms (<i>Escherichia coli </i>and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp.). The overall prevalence ranged from 12.5% for <i>E. coli</i> to 45.2% for <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., and 11.2% of samples harbored both organisms. Regardless of bacterial genus, animal feed had significantly higher prevalence than pet food (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A general downward trend in prevalence was observed from 2005 to 2009 followed by an upward trend thereafter. Among <i>E. coli</i> isolates (<i>n</i> = 241), resistance was highest to tetracycline (11.2%) and below 5% for fourteen other antimicrobials. Among <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. isolates (<i>n</i> = 1074), <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (95.1%) was the predominant species. Resistance was most common to tetracycline (30.1%) and ciprofloxacin (10.7%), but below 10% for thirteen other antimicrobials. Multidrug-resistant organisms were observed among both <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. isolates at 3.3%. Compared to National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) 2011 retail meat and animal data, the overall resistance for both organisms was much lower in animal food. These findings help establish a historic baseline for the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among U.S. animal food products and future efforts may be needed to monitor changes over time. |
topic |
animal feed animal food antimicrobial susceptibility <i>Enterococcus</i> <i>Escherichia coli</i> pet food |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1048 |
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