Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of sepsis; however, no effective drugs have been found. Activation of the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a major pathogenic mechanism of AKI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Autophagy, a proce...
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doaj-6b1fd77cad4840098eb9bdfbcda10ff32020-11-25T02:51:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122020-06-011110.3389/fphar.2020.00790538806Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney InjuryTianyuan YangXiujing FengYuan ZhaoHaiyang ZhangHailin CuiMian WeiHaotian YangHonggang FanBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of sepsis; however, no effective drugs have been found. Activation of the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a major pathogenic mechanism of AKI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Autophagy, a process of intracellular degradation related to renal homeostasis, effectively restricts inflammatory responses. Herein, we explored the potential protective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine (DEX), which has confirmed anti-inflammatory effects, on LPS-induced AKI.MethodsAKI was induced in rats by injecting 10 mg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.). Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of DEX (30 µg/kg) 30 min before an intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Atipamezole (ATI) (250 µg/kg) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (15 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected 30 min before the DEX injection.ResultsDEX significantly attenuated renal injury. Furthermore, DEX decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of interleukins 1β and 18. In addition, autophagy-related protein and gene analysis indicated that DEX could significantly enhance autophagy. Finally, we verified the pharmacological effects of DEX on the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Atip and 3-MA significantly reversed the protective effects of DEX.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the protective effects of DEX were mediated by enhanced autophagy via the α2-adrenoreceptor/AMPK/mTOR pathway, which decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Above all, we verified the renal protective effects of DEX and offer a new treatment strategy for AKI.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2020.00790/fullacute kidney injurydexmedetomidineautophagyNLRP3 inflammasomeα2-AR/AMPK/mTOR pathway |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tianyuan Yang Xiujing Feng Yuan Zhao Haiyang Zhang Hailin Cui Mian Wei Haotian Yang Honggang Fan |
spellingShingle |
Tianyuan Yang Xiujing Feng Yuan Zhao Haiyang Zhang Hailin Cui Mian Wei Haotian Yang Honggang Fan Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Frontiers in Pharmacology acute kidney injury dexmedetomidine autophagy NLRP3 inflammasome α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR pathway |
author_facet |
Tianyuan Yang Xiujing Feng Yuan Zhao Haiyang Zhang Hailin Cui Mian Wei Haotian Yang Honggang Fan |
author_sort |
Tianyuan Yang |
title |
Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury |
title_short |
Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury |
title_full |
Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury |
title_fullStr |
Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury |
title_sort |
dexmedetomidine enhances autophagy via α2-ar/ampk/mtor pathway to inhibit the activation of nlrp3 inflammasome and subsequently alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pharmacology |
issn |
1663-9812 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of sepsis; however, no effective drugs have been found. Activation of the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a major pathogenic mechanism of AKI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Autophagy, a process of intracellular degradation related to renal homeostasis, effectively restricts inflammatory responses. Herein, we explored the potential protective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine (DEX), which has confirmed anti-inflammatory effects, on LPS-induced AKI.MethodsAKI was induced in rats by injecting 10 mg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.). Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of DEX (30 µg/kg) 30 min before an intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Atipamezole (ATI) (250 µg/kg) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (15 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected 30 min before the DEX injection.ResultsDEX significantly attenuated renal injury. Furthermore, DEX decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of interleukins 1β and 18. In addition, autophagy-related protein and gene analysis indicated that DEX could significantly enhance autophagy. Finally, we verified the pharmacological effects of DEX on the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Atip and 3-MA significantly reversed the protective effects of DEX.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the protective effects of DEX were mediated by enhanced autophagy via the α2-adrenoreceptor/AMPK/mTOR pathway, which decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Above all, we verified the renal protective effects of DEX and offer a new treatment strategy for AKI. |
topic |
acute kidney injury dexmedetomidine autophagy NLRP3 inflammasome α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR pathway |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2020.00790/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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