Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management

Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies, are involved in T cell-mediated immune response augmentation and promote anti-tumor immunity. Cancer patients treated with combina...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ya Liu, Hao Zhang, Li Zhou, Weichun Li, Le Yang, Wen Li, Kezhou Li, Xubao Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
immune checkpoint inhibitors
immune-related adverse events
ICIs associated with diabetes mellitus
amylase/lipase
pancreatitis
pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.627612/full

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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.627612/full

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