The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape
It is not clear why herbicides targeting aromatic and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis successfully control broomrapes—obligate parasitic plants that obtain all of their nutritional requirements, including amino acids, from the host. Our objective was to reveal the mode of action of imazapic a...
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doaj-72996973c3d84464b13fd1ec57a5ba572020-11-25T00:07:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2017-05-01810.3389/fpls.2017.00707251147The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in BroomrapeEvgenia Dor0Shmuel Galili1Evgeny Smirnov2Yael Hacham3Rachel Amir4Joseph Hershenhorn5Department of Phytopathology and Weed Science, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research CenterRamat Yishay, IsraelInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterRishon LeZion, IsraelDepartment of Phytopathology and Weed Science, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research CenterRamat Yishay, IsraelMIGAL – Galilee Technology CenterKiryat Shmona, IsraelMIGAL – Galilee Technology CenterKiryat Shmona, IsraelDepartment of Phytopathology and Weed Science, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research CenterRamat Yishay, IsraelIt is not clear why herbicides targeting aromatic and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis successfully control broomrapes—obligate parasitic plants that obtain all of their nutritional requirements, including amino acids, from the host. Our objective was to reveal the mode of action of imazapic and glyphosate in controlling the broomrape Phelipanche aegyptiaca and clarify if this obligatory parasite has its own machinery for the amino acids biosynthesis. P. aegyptiaca callus was studied to exclude the indirect influence of the herbicides on the parasite through the host plant. Using HRT – tomato plants resistant to imidazolinone herbicides, it was shown that imazapic is translocated from the foliage of treated plants to broomrape attachments on its roots and controls the parasite. Both herbicides inhibited P. aegyptiaca callus growth and altered the free amino acid content. Blasting of Arabidopsis thaliana 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) cDNA against the genomic DNA of P. aegyptiaca yielded a single copy of each homolog in the latter, with about 78 and 75% similarity, respectively, to A. thaliana counterparts at the protein level. We also show for the first time that both EPSPS and ALS are active in P. aegyptiaca callus and flowering shoots and are inhibited by glyphosate and imazapic, respectively. Thus leading to deficiency of those amino acids in the parasite tissues and ultimately, death of the parasite, indicating the ability of P. aegyptiaca to synthesize branched-chain and aromatic amino acids through the activity of ALS and EPSPS, respectively.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00707/fullacetolactate synthase (ALS)amino acidbroomrapeenolpyruvylshikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS)glyphosateimazapic |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Evgenia Dor Shmuel Galili Evgeny Smirnov Yael Hacham Rachel Amir Joseph Hershenhorn |
spellingShingle |
Evgenia Dor Shmuel Galili Evgeny Smirnov Yael Hacham Rachel Amir Joseph Hershenhorn The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape Frontiers in Plant Science acetolactate synthase (ALS) amino acid broomrape enolpyruvylshikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS) glyphosate imazapic |
author_facet |
Evgenia Dor Shmuel Galili Evgeny Smirnov Yael Hacham Rachel Amir Joseph Hershenhorn |
author_sort |
Evgenia Dor |
title |
The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape |
title_short |
The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape |
title_full |
The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape |
title_fullStr |
The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape |
title_sort |
effects of herbicides targeting aromatic and branched chain amino acid biosynthesis support the presence of functional pathways in broomrape |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2017-05-01 |
description |
It is not clear why herbicides targeting aromatic and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis successfully control broomrapes—obligate parasitic plants that obtain all of their nutritional requirements, including amino acids, from the host. Our objective was to reveal the mode of action of imazapic and glyphosate in controlling the broomrape Phelipanche aegyptiaca and clarify if this obligatory parasite has its own machinery for the amino acids biosynthesis. P. aegyptiaca callus was studied to exclude the indirect influence of the herbicides on the parasite through the host plant. Using HRT – tomato plants resistant to imidazolinone herbicides, it was shown that imazapic is translocated from the foliage of treated plants to broomrape attachments on its roots and controls the parasite. Both herbicides inhibited P. aegyptiaca callus growth and altered the free amino acid content. Blasting of Arabidopsis thaliana 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) cDNA against the genomic DNA of P. aegyptiaca yielded a single copy of each homolog in the latter, with about 78 and 75% similarity, respectively, to A. thaliana counterparts at the protein level. We also show for the first time that both EPSPS and ALS are active in P. aegyptiaca callus and flowering shoots and are inhibited by glyphosate and imazapic, respectively. Thus leading to deficiency of those amino acids in the parasite tissues and ultimately, death of the parasite, indicating the ability of P. aegyptiaca to synthesize branched-chain and aromatic amino acids through the activity of ALS and EPSPS, respectively. |
topic |
acetolactate synthase (ALS) amino acid broomrape enolpyruvylshikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS) glyphosate imazapic |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00707/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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