Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms
This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and resp...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
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doaj-7d391569d88949e8896f9a5e24ac698e2021-09-09T07:51:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-09-01810.3389/fnut.2021.693862693862Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular MechanismsXiujie Jiang0Xiujie Jiang1Qingpeng Xu2Aiwu Zhang3Yong Liu4Liqin Zhao5Liwei Gu6Jianbin Yuan7Hongdou Jia8Xinting Shen9Zhijiang Li10Dongmei Cao11Dongjie Zhang12Dongjie Zhang13National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaExperimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaExperimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaExperimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaExperimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaExperimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaNational Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, ChinaThis study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.693862/fullγ-aminobutyric acidvacuumMSGadzuki beangermination |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xiujie Jiang Xiujie Jiang Qingpeng Xu Aiwu Zhang Yong Liu Liqin Zhao Liwei Gu Jianbin Yuan Hongdou Jia Xinting Shen Zhijiang Li Dongmei Cao Dongjie Zhang Dongjie Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Xiujie Jiang Xiujie Jiang Qingpeng Xu Aiwu Zhang Yong Liu Liqin Zhao Liwei Gu Jianbin Yuan Hongdou Jia Xinting Shen Zhijiang Li Dongmei Cao Dongjie Zhang Dongjie Zhang Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms Frontiers in Nutrition γ-aminobutyric acid vacuum MSG adzuki bean germination |
author_facet |
Xiujie Jiang Xiujie Jiang Qingpeng Xu Aiwu Zhang Yong Liu Liqin Zhao Liwei Gu Jianbin Yuan Hongdou Jia Xinting Shen Zhijiang Li Dongmei Cao Dongjie Zhang Dongjie Zhang |
author_sort |
Xiujie Jiang |
title |
Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms |
title_short |
Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms |
title_full |
Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms |
title_fullStr |
Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms |
title_sort |
optimization of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) accumulation in germinating adzuki beans (vigna angularis) by vacuum treatment and monosodium glutamate, and the molecular mechanisms |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Nutrition |
issn |
2296-861X |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans. |
topic |
γ-aminobutyric acid vacuum MSG adzuki bean germination |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.693862/full |
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