Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in Thrombus Resolution in Mice via Macrophage Recruitment and the Induction of Proteolytic Enzymes
After the ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) of wild-type (WT) mice, venous thrombi formed and grew progressively until 5 days and resolved thereafter. Concomitantly, intrathrombotic gene expression of Il6 was enhanced later than 5 days after IVC ligation. IL-6 protein expression was detected...
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doaj-7f6554ec399447eba3fa93566761370e2020-11-25T00:26:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-02-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.03150506840Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in Thrombus Resolution in Mice via Macrophage Recruitment and the Induction of Proteolytic EnzymesMizuho Nosaka0Yuko Ishida1Akihiko Kimura2Yumi Kuninaka3Akira Taruya4Mitsunori Ozaki5Atushi Tanaka6Naofumi Mukaida7Toshikazu Kondo8Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanDivision of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, JapanDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanAfter the ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) of wild-type (WT) mice, venous thrombi formed and grew progressively until 5 days and resolved thereafter. Concomitantly, intrathrombotic gene expression of Il6 was enhanced later than 5 days after IVC ligation. IL-6 protein expression was detected mainly in F4/80-positive macrophages in thrombus. When Il6-deficient (Il6−/−) mice were treated in the same manner, thrombus mass was significantly larger than in WT mice. Moreover, the recovery of thrombosed IVC blood flow was markedly delayed in Il6−/− compared with WT mice. F4/80-positive macrophages in thrombus expressed proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) 2, Mmp9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (Plau); and their mRNA expression was significantly reduced in Il6−/− mice. Consistently, the administration of anti-IL-6 antibody delayed the thrombus resolution in WT mice, whereas IL-6 administration accelerated thrombus resolution in WT and Il6−/− mice. Moreover, IL-6 in vitro enhanced Mmp2, Mmp9, and Plau mRNA expression in WT-derived peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner; and the enhancement was abrogated by a specific Stat3 inhibitor, Stattic. Thus, IL-6/Stat3 signaling pathway can promote thrombus resolution by enhancing Mmp2, Mmp9, and Plau expression in macrophages.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.03150/fullIL-6thrombosismacrophagesmatrix metalloproteinasesproteolytic enzymes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mizuho Nosaka Yuko Ishida Akihiko Kimura Yumi Kuninaka Akira Taruya Mitsunori Ozaki Atushi Tanaka Naofumi Mukaida Toshikazu Kondo |
spellingShingle |
Mizuho Nosaka Yuko Ishida Akihiko Kimura Yumi Kuninaka Akira Taruya Mitsunori Ozaki Atushi Tanaka Naofumi Mukaida Toshikazu Kondo Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in Thrombus Resolution in Mice via Macrophage Recruitment and the Induction of Proteolytic Enzymes Frontiers in Immunology IL-6 thrombosis macrophages matrix metalloproteinases proteolytic enzymes |
author_facet |
Mizuho Nosaka Yuko Ishida Akihiko Kimura Yumi Kuninaka Akira Taruya Mitsunori Ozaki Atushi Tanaka Naofumi Mukaida Toshikazu Kondo |
author_sort |
Mizuho Nosaka |
title |
Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in Thrombus Resolution in Mice via Macrophage Recruitment and the Induction of Proteolytic Enzymes |
title_short |
Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in Thrombus Resolution in Mice via Macrophage Recruitment and the Induction of Proteolytic Enzymes |
title_full |
Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in Thrombus Resolution in Mice via Macrophage Recruitment and the Induction of Proteolytic Enzymes |
title_fullStr |
Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in Thrombus Resolution in Mice via Macrophage Recruitment and the Induction of Proteolytic Enzymes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in Thrombus Resolution in Mice via Macrophage Recruitment and the Induction of Proteolytic Enzymes |
title_sort |
crucial involvement of il-6 in thrombus resolution in mice via macrophage recruitment and the induction of proteolytic enzymes |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
After the ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) of wild-type (WT) mice, venous thrombi formed and grew progressively until 5 days and resolved thereafter. Concomitantly, intrathrombotic gene expression of Il6 was enhanced later than 5 days after IVC ligation. IL-6 protein expression was detected mainly in F4/80-positive macrophages in thrombus. When Il6-deficient (Il6−/−) mice were treated in the same manner, thrombus mass was significantly larger than in WT mice. Moreover, the recovery of thrombosed IVC blood flow was markedly delayed in Il6−/− compared with WT mice. F4/80-positive macrophages in thrombus expressed proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) 2, Mmp9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (Plau); and their mRNA expression was significantly reduced in Il6−/− mice. Consistently, the administration of anti-IL-6 antibody delayed the thrombus resolution in WT mice, whereas IL-6 administration accelerated thrombus resolution in WT and Il6−/− mice. Moreover, IL-6 in vitro enhanced Mmp2, Mmp9, and Plau mRNA expression in WT-derived peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner; and the enhancement was abrogated by a specific Stat3 inhibitor, Stattic. Thus, IL-6/Stat3 signaling pathway can promote thrombus resolution by enhancing Mmp2, Mmp9, and Plau expression in macrophages. |
topic |
IL-6 thrombosis macrophages matrix metalloproteinases proteolytic enzymes |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.03150/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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