Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive...
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2017-10-01
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doaj-859cfa99112f4e6690d226571bf5a8042020-11-25T00:49:50ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432017-10-01910113410.3390/nu9101134nu9101134Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) StudyNatalia Petruski-Ivleva0Anna Kucharska-Newton1Priya Palta2David Couper3Katie Meyer4Misa Graff5Bernhard Haring6Richey Sharrett7Gerardo Heiss8Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USADepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USADepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USADepartment of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USADepartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USADepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Würzburg, GermanyDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USABackground: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10% decline, relative to the group reporting “almost never” consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/10/1134lactoselactase persistenceoxidative stresscognitive declinedementiaaging |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Natalia Petruski-Ivleva Anna Kucharska-Newton Priya Palta David Couper Katie Meyer Misa Graff Bernhard Haring Richey Sharrett Gerardo Heiss |
spellingShingle |
Natalia Petruski-Ivleva Anna Kucharska-Newton Priya Palta David Couper Katie Meyer Misa Graff Bernhard Haring Richey Sharrett Gerardo Heiss Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Nutrients lactose lactase persistence oxidative stress cognitive decline dementia aging |
author_facet |
Natalia Petruski-Ivleva Anna Kucharska-Newton Priya Palta David Couper Katie Meyer Misa Graff Bernhard Haring Richey Sharrett Gerardo Heiss |
author_sort |
Natalia Petruski-Ivleva |
title |
Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study |
title_short |
Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study |
title_full |
Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study |
title_fullStr |
Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study |
title_sort |
milk intake at midlife and cognitive decline over 20 years. the atherosclerosis risk in communities (aric) study |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
description |
Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10% decline, relative to the group reporting “almost never” consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype. |
topic |
lactose lactase persistence oxidative stress cognitive decline dementia aging |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/10/1134 |
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