Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortium

Abstract Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tea Skaaby, Amy E. Taylor, Rikke K. Jacobsen, Lavinia Paternoster, Betina H. Thuesen, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Sofus C. Larsen, Ang Zhou, Andrew Wong, Maiken E. Gabrielsen, Johan H. Bjørngaard, Claudia Flexeder, Satu Männistö, Rebecca Hardy, Diana Kuh, Sarah J. Barry, Line Tang Møllehave, Charlotte Cerqueira, Nele Friedrich, Tobias N. Bonten, Raymond Noordam, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Christian Taube, Leon E. Jessen, Alex McConnachie, Naveed Sattar, Mark N. Upton, Charles McSharry, Klaus Bønnelykke, Hans Bisgaard, Holger Schulz, Konstantin Strauch, Thomas Meitinger, Annette Peters, Harald Grallert, Ellen A. Nohr, Mika Kivimaki, Meena Kumari, Uwe Völker, Matthias Nauck, Henry Völzke, Chris Power, Elina Hyppönen, Torben Hansen, Torben Jørgensen, Oluf Pedersen, Veikko Salomaa, Niels Grarup, Arnulf Langhammer, Pål R. Romundstad, Frank Skorpen, Jaakko Kaprio, Marcus R Munafò, Allan Linneberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2017-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01977-w