Smoking is associated with poorer quality-based outcomes in patients hospitalized with spinal disease
Study design: Retrospective cross-sectional database analysisObjective: The cost of spine surgery is growing exponentially, and cost-effectiveness is a critical consideration. Smoking has been shown to increase hospital costs in general surgery, but this impact has not been reported in spinal surger...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Surgery |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fsurg.2015.00020/full |