Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Several in vitro studies have suggested that silica nanoparticles (NPs) might induce adverse effects in gut cells. Here, we used the human colon cancer epithelial cell line HCT116 to study the potential cytotoxic effects of ingested silica NPs in the presence or absence of serum. Furthermore, we eva...
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doaj-8c292d80c6bb45afa7b776f393fd197c2020-11-25T02:20:27ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912019-08-0198117210.3390/nano9081172nano9081172Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer CellsSusanne Fritsch-Decker0Zhen An1Jin Yan2Iris Hansjosten3Marco Al-Rawi4Ravindra Peravali5Silvia Diabaté6Carsten Weiss7Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySeveral in vitro studies have suggested that silica nanoparticles (NPs) might induce adverse effects in gut cells. Here, we used the human colon cancer epithelial cell line HCT116 to study the potential cytotoxic effects of ingested silica NPs in the presence or absence of serum. Furthermore, we evaluated different physico-chemical parameters important for the assessment of nanoparticle safety, including primary particle size (12, 70, 200, and 500 nm) and surface modification (−NH<sub>2</sub> and −COOH). Silica NPs triggered cytotoxicity, as evidenced by reduced metabolism and enhanced membrane leakage. Automated microscopy revealed that the silica NPs promoted apoptosis and necrosis proportional to the administered specific surface area dose. Cytotoxicity of silica NPs was suppressed by increasing amount of serum and surface modification. Furthermore, inhibition of caspases partially prevented silica NP-induced cytotoxicity. In order to investigate the role of specific cell death pathways in more detail, we used isogenic derivatives of HCT116 cells which lack the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 or BAX. In contrast to the anticancer drug cisplatin, silica NPs induced cell death independent of the p53−BAX axis. In conclusion, silica NPs initiated cell death in colon cancer cells dependent on the specific surface area and presence of serum. Further studies in vivo are warranted to address potential cytotoxic actions in the gut epithelium. The unintended toxicity of silica NPs as observed here could also be beneficial. As loss of p53 in colon cancer cells contributes to resistance against anticancer drugs, and thus to reoccurrence of colon cancer, targeted delivery of silica NPs could be envisioned to also deplete p53 deficient tumor cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/9/8/1172synthetic amorphous silicananoparticlescolon cellsin vitro toxicitycell death |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Susanne Fritsch-Decker Zhen An Jin Yan Iris Hansjosten Marco Al-Rawi Ravindra Peravali Silvia Diabaté Carsten Weiss |
spellingShingle |
Susanne Fritsch-Decker Zhen An Jin Yan Iris Hansjosten Marco Al-Rawi Ravindra Peravali Silvia Diabaté Carsten Weiss Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells Nanomaterials synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles colon cells in vitro toxicity cell death |
author_facet |
Susanne Fritsch-Decker Zhen An Jin Yan Iris Hansjosten Marco Al-Rawi Ravindra Peravali Silvia Diabaté Carsten Weiss |
author_sort |
Susanne Fritsch-Decker |
title |
Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells |
title_short |
Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells |
title_full |
Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells |
title_fullStr |
Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells |
title_sort |
silica nanoparticles provoke cell death independent of p53 and bax in human colon cancer cells |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
Several in vitro studies have suggested that silica nanoparticles (NPs) might induce adverse effects in gut cells. Here, we used the human colon cancer epithelial cell line HCT116 to study the potential cytotoxic effects of ingested silica NPs in the presence or absence of serum. Furthermore, we evaluated different physico-chemical parameters important for the assessment of nanoparticle safety, including primary particle size (12, 70, 200, and 500 nm) and surface modification (−NH<sub>2</sub> and −COOH). Silica NPs triggered cytotoxicity, as evidenced by reduced metabolism and enhanced membrane leakage. Automated microscopy revealed that the silica NPs promoted apoptosis and necrosis proportional to the administered specific surface area dose. Cytotoxicity of silica NPs was suppressed by increasing amount of serum and surface modification. Furthermore, inhibition of caspases partially prevented silica NP-induced cytotoxicity. In order to investigate the role of specific cell death pathways in more detail, we used isogenic derivatives of HCT116 cells which lack the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 or BAX. In contrast to the anticancer drug cisplatin, silica NPs induced cell death independent of the p53−BAX axis. In conclusion, silica NPs initiated cell death in colon cancer cells dependent on the specific surface area and presence of serum. Further studies in vivo are warranted to address potential cytotoxic actions in the gut epithelium. The unintended toxicity of silica NPs as observed here could also be beneficial. As loss of p53 in colon cancer cells contributes to resistance against anticancer drugs, and thus to reoccurrence of colon cancer, targeted delivery of silica NPs could be envisioned to also deplete p53 deficient tumor cells. |
topic |
synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles colon cells in vitro toxicity cell death |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/9/8/1172 |
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