Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2
In the mammalian central nervous system, the inhibitory strength of chloride (Cl-)-permeable GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAAR and GlyR) depends on the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i). Lowering [Cl-]i enhances inhibition, whereas raising [Cl-]i facilitates neuronal activity. A neuron’s ba...
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doaj-911001f5b76c497fa9b5c156a8eb014d2020-11-24T22:37:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022014-02-01810.3389/fncel.2014.0002773182Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2Igor eMedina0Igor eMedina1Perrine eFriedel2Perrine eFriedel3Claudio eRivera4Claudio eRivera5Claudio eRivera6Kristopher T Kahle7Kristopher T Kahle8Nazim eKourdougli9Nazim eKourdougli10Pavel eUvarov11Christophe ePellegrino12Christophe ePellegrino13INMED, INSERMAix-Marseille UniversitéINMED, INSERMAix-Marseille UniversitéINMED, INSERMAix-Marseille UniversitéUniversity of HelsinkiBoston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School BostonINMED, INSERMAix-Marseille UniversitéUniversity of HelsinkiINMED, INSERMAix-Marseille UniversitéIn the mammalian central nervous system, the inhibitory strength of chloride (Cl-)-permeable GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAAR and GlyR) depends on the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i). Lowering [Cl-]i enhances inhibition, whereas raising [Cl-]i facilitates neuronal activity. A neuron’s basal level of [Cl-]i, as well as its Cl- extrusion capacity, is critically dependent on the activity of the electroneutral K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2, a member of the SLC12 cation-Cl- cotransporter (CCC) family. KCC2 deficiency compromises neuronal migration, formation and the maturation of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic connections, and results in network hyperexcitability and seizure activity. Several neurological disorders including multiple epilepsy subtypes, neuropathic pain, and schizophrenia, as well as various insults such as trauma and ischemia, are associated with significant decreases in the Cl- extrusion capacity of KCC2 that result in increases of [Cl-]i and the subsequent hyperexcitability of neuronal networks. Accordingly, identifying the key upstream molecular mediators governing the functional regulation of KCC2, and modifying these signalling pathways with small molecules, might constitute a novel neurotherapeutic strategy for multiple diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms regulating KCC2 activity, and of the role these mechanisms play in neuronal Cl- homeostasis and GABAergic neurotransmission. As KCC2 mediates electroneutral transport, the experimental recording of its activity constitutes an important research challenge; we therefore also, provide an overview of the different methodological approaches utilized to monitor function of KCC2 in both physiological and pathological conditions.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2014.00027/fullNeuronsGABAKCC2ion homeostasisintracellular chloride |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Igor eMedina Igor eMedina Perrine eFriedel Perrine eFriedel Claudio eRivera Claudio eRivera Claudio eRivera Kristopher T Kahle Kristopher T Kahle Nazim eKourdougli Nazim eKourdougli Pavel eUvarov Christophe ePellegrino Christophe ePellegrino |
spellingShingle |
Igor eMedina Igor eMedina Perrine eFriedel Perrine eFriedel Claudio eRivera Claudio eRivera Claudio eRivera Kristopher T Kahle Kristopher T Kahle Nazim eKourdougli Nazim eKourdougli Pavel eUvarov Christophe ePellegrino Christophe ePellegrino Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience Neurons GABA KCC2 ion homeostasis intracellular chloride |
author_facet |
Igor eMedina Igor eMedina Perrine eFriedel Perrine eFriedel Claudio eRivera Claudio eRivera Claudio eRivera Kristopher T Kahle Kristopher T Kahle Nazim eKourdougli Nazim eKourdougli Pavel eUvarov Christophe ePellegrino Christophe ePellegrino |
author_sort |
Igor eMedina |
title |
Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 |
title_short |
Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 |
title_full |
Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 |
title_fullStr |
Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 |
title_sort |
current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal k+-cl- cotransporter kcc2 |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-5102 |
publishDate |
2014-02-01 |
description |
In the mammalian central nervous system, the inhibitory strength of chloride (Cl-)-permeable GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAAR and GlyR) depends on the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i). Lowering [Cl-]i enhances inhibition, whereas raising [Cl-]i facilitates neuronal activity. A neuron’s basal level of [Cl-]i, as well as its Cl- extrusion capacity, is critically dependent on the activity of the electroneutral K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2, a member of the SLC12 cation-Cl- cotransporter (CCC) family. KCC2 deficiency compromises neuronal migration, formation and the maturation of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic connections, and results in network hyperexcitability and seizure activity. Several neurological disorders including multiple epilepsy subtypes, neuropathic pain, and schizophrenia, as well as various insults such as trauma and ischemia, are associated with significant decreases in the Cl- extrusion capacity of KCC2 that result in increases of [Cl-]i and the subsequent hyperexcitability of neuronal networks. Accordingly, identifying the key upstream molecular mediators governing the functional regulation of KCC2, and modifying these signalling pathways with small molecules, might constitute a novel neurotherapeutic strategy for multiple diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms regulating KCC2 activity, and of the role these mechanisms play in neuronal Cl- homeostasis and GABAergic neurotransmission. As KCC2 mediates electroneutral transport, the experimental recording of its activity constitutes an important research challenge; we therefore also, provide an overview of the different methodological approaches utilized to monitor function of KCC2 in both physiological and pathological conditions. |
topic |
Neurons GABA KCC2 ion homeostasis intracellular chloride |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2014.00027/full |
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