Apelin-13 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons against Rotenone—Induced Neurotoxicity through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 Mediated Autophagy Activation
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Several brain–gut peptides are able to exert neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Apelin-13 is a neuropeptide, conveying potential neuroprotec...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8376 |