Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults

Association between cumulative cigarette and Waterpipe smoking and symptoms of dependence in Lebanese adults

Abstract Background Waterpipe and cigarette smoking dependence are becoming increasingly prevalent forms of addiction globally. This study examined whether cumulative cigarette smoking and cumulative waterpipe smoking are associated with higher dependence on both cigarettes and waterpipe. Methods Th...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Diana Malaeb, Marwan Akel, Hala Sacre, Chadia Haddad, Sahar Obeid, Souheil Hallit, Pascale Salameh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-08-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Cigarette
Waterpipe
Dependence
Symptoms
Cumulative
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11626-7

Internet

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11626-7

Similar Items