Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment
Atenolol has a low oral bioavailability and a short elimination half-life. Therefore, alternative route and delivery system is important. Transdermal iontophoresis, i.e. a systemic drug delivery via the skin, implementing a low intensity of electrical current, is on...
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Universitas Gadjah Mada
2011-01-01
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doaj-9ae5d69e464843c6acaa562914026e122020-11-25T00:48:54ZengUniversitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Pharmacy2338-94272338-94862011-01-012216572http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp65-72Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatmentAkhmad Kharis Nugroho0Arief Rahman Hakim1Marlyn Dian Laksitorini2Fajar Rakhmatullah3Eny Masruriati4Faculty of Pharmacy Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara YogyakartaFaculty of Pharmacy Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara YogyakartaFaculty of Pharmacy Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara YogyakartaFaculty of Pharmacy Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara YogyakartaSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Yayasan Pharmasi SemarangAtenolol has a low oral bioavailability and a short elimination half-life. Therefore, alternative route and delivery system is important. Transdermal iontophoresis, i.e. a systemic drug delivery via the skin, implementing a low intensity of electrical current, is one attractive candidate. This study evalu ated feasibility of atenolol transdermal transport when iontophoresis is applied after enhancer pretreatment. There were 4 formulas prepared; 2 implemented iontophoresis for 3 hours (current density: 0.25 mA/cm2) while the others did not use iontophoresis. The enhancer was oleic acid (5 or 10% as a mixture in propylene glycol) with duration of pretreatment of one hour. Transport was evaluated in the diffusion studies across the fresh rat skin in a static-vertical diffusion system. Data were analyzed based on the numeric convolution method to obtain simulated Cp profiles as well as AUC of Cp profiles. Based on the simulated Cp, the best transport was achieved in Formula 3, where iontophoresis is performed across the skin, pretreated with 5% oleic acid for one hour. The value of simulated Cp indicated achievement of therapeutics level of atenolol, suggesting the feasibility of the atenolol delivery by iontophoresis.http://indonesianjpharm.farmasi.ugm.ac.id/index.php/3/article/view/595/470atenololtransdermaliontophoresisenhancer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Akhmad Kharis Nugroho Arief Rahman Hakim Marlyn Dian Laksitorini Fajar Rakhmatullah Eny Masruriati |
spellingShingle |
Akhmad Kharis Nugroho Arief Rahman Hakim Marlyn Dian Laksitorini Fajar Rakhmatullah Eny Masruriati Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy atenolol transdermal iontophoresis enhancer |
author_facet |
Akhmad Kharis Nugroho Arief Rahman Hakim Marlyn Dian Laksitorini Fajar Rakhmatullah Eny Masruriati |
author_sort |
Akhmad Kharis Nugroho |
title |
Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment |
title_short |
Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment |
title_full |
Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment |
title_fullStr |
Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment |
title_sort |
feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment |
publisher |
Universitas Gadjah Mada |
series |
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy |
issn |
2338-9427 2338-9486 |
publishDate |
2011-01-01 |
description |
Atenolol has a low oral bioavailability and a short elimination half-life. Therefore, alternative route and delivery system is important. Transdermal iontophoresis, i.e. a systemic drug delivery via the skin, implementing a low intensity of electrical current, is one attractive candidate. This study evalu ated feasibility of atenolol transdermal transport when iontophoresis is applied after enhancer pretreatment. There were 4 formulas prepared; 2 implemented iontophoresis for 3 hours (current density: 0.25 mA/cm2) while the others did not use iontophoresis. The enhancer was oleic acid (5 or 10% as a mixture in propylene glycol) with duration of pretreatment of one hour. Transport was evaluated in the diffusion studies across the fresh rat skin in a static-vertical diffusion system. Data were analyzed based on the numeric convolution method to obtain simulated Cp profiles as well as AUC of Cp profiles. Based on the simulated Cp, the best transport was achieved in Formula 3, where iontophoresis is performed across the skin, pretreated with 5% oleic acid for one hour. The value of simulated Cp indicated achievement of therapeutics level of atenolol, suggesting the feasibility of the atenolol delivery by iontophoresis. |
topic |
atenolol transdermal iontophoresis enhancer |
url |
http://indonesianjpharm.farmasi.ugm.ac.id/index.php/3/article/view/595/470 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT akhmadkharisnugroho feasibilityoftransdermaltransportofatenololbycombinationofiontophoresisandoleicacidpretreatment AT ariefrahmanhakim feasibilityoftransdermaltransportofatenololbycombinationofiontophoresisandoleicacidpretreatment AT marlyndianlaksitorini feasibilityoftransdermaltransportofatenololbycombinationofiontophoresisandoleicacidpretreatment AT fajarrakhmatullah feasibilityoftransdermaltransportofatenololbycombinationofiontophoresisandoleicacidpretreatment AT enymasruriati feasibilityoftransdermaltransportofatenololbycombinationofiontophoresisandoleicacidpretreatment |
_version_ |
1725254350009270272 |