Cell <i>In Vitro</i> Testing with Soil Invertebrates—Challenges and Opportunities toward Modeling the Effect of Nanomaterials: A Surface-Modified CuO Case Study

Soil invertebrates have been widely used in ecotoxicology studies for decades, although their use as in vitro models, albeit promising, has not been pursued as much. The immune cells of earthworms (coelomocytes) and the coelomic fluid can be used, and are a highly relevant in vitro system. Although...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maria J. Ribeiro, Mónica J.B. Amorim, Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-07-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/9/8/1087