Phenotypic Modulation of Cultured Primary Human Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Uremic Serum
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a markedly increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The high concentration of circulating uremic toxins and alterations in mineral metabolism and hormone levels produce vascular wall remodeling and significant vascular damage. Medial calcif...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-02-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00089/full |