Avoided energy cost of producing minerals: The case of iron ore
There is growing concern about the decline of the ore grade in mines and the increased energy usage for processing and refining metals. In the limit, where no concentrated deposits exist, minerals must be obtained from bare rock. A method for quantitatively assessing the “free bonus” granted by natu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Energy Reports |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484718303378 |