TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric Cancer
Cancer cells adopt glycolysis to facilitate the generation of biosynthetic substrates demanded by cell proliferation and growth, and to adapt to stress conditions such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) is a fructose-2,6-b...
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doaj-b4252967a2254f7183c389fa66a6ca1b2020-11-25T02:48:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2019-11-01910.3389/fonc.2019.01258486619TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric CancerZhenhua Liu0Yue Wu1Yingqiu Zhang2Menglang Yuan3Xuelu Li4Jiyue Gao5Shanni Zhang6Chengjuan Xing7Huamin Qin8Hongbo Zhao9Zuowei Zhao10Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaInstitute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesia, Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaCancer cells adopt glycolysis to facilitate the generation of biosynthetic substrates demanded by cell proliferation and growth, and to adapt to stress conditions such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) is a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase that is regulated by p53. TIGAR functions to inhibit glycolysis and promote antioxidative activities, which assists the generation of NADPH to maintain the levels of GSH and thus reduces intracellular ROS. However, the functions of TIGAR in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. TIGAR expression levels were detected by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer samples, along with four established cell lines of GC. The functions of TIGAR were determined by utilizing shRNA-mediated knockdown experiments. The NADPH/NADP+ ratio, ROS, mitochondrial ATP production, and phosphorus oxygen ratios were determined in TIGAR-depleted cells. Xenograft experiment was conducted with BALB/c nude mice. TIGAR was up-regulated compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues in primary GCs. TIGAR knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. TIGAR protected cancer cells from oxidative stress-caused damages, but also glycolysis defects. TIGAR also increased the production of NADPH in gastric cancer cells. TIGAR knockdown led to increased ROS production, elevated mitochondrial ATP production, and phosphorus oxygen ratios. The prognosis of high TIGAR expression patients was significantly poorer than those with low TIGAR expression. Taken together, TIGAR exhibits oncogenic features in GC, which can be evaluated as a target for intervention in the treatment of GC.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2019.01258/fullapoptosiscell cycle checkpointsglycolysisheterograftsstomach neoplasms |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhenhua Liu Yue Wu Yingqiu Zhang Menglang Yuan Xuelu Li Jiyue Gao Shanni Zhang Chengjuan Xing Huamin Qin Hongbo Zhao Zuowei Zhao |
spellingShingle |
Zhenhua Liu Yue Wu Yingqiu Zhang Menglang Yuan Xuelu Li Jiyue Gao Shanni Zhang Chengjuan Xing Huamin Qin Hongbo Zhao Zuowei Zhao TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric Cancer Frontiers in Oncology apoptosis cell cycle checkpoints glycolysis heterografts stomach neoplasms |
author_facet |
Zhenhua Liu Yue Wu Yingqiu Zhang Menglang Yuan Xuelu Li Jiyue Gao Shanni Zhang Chengjuan Xing Huamin Qin Hongbo Zhao Zuowei Zhao |
author_sort |
Zhenhua Liu |
title |
TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric Cancer |
title_short |
TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric Cancer |
title_full |
TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric Cancer |
title_fullStr |
TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed |
TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric Cancer |
title_sort |
tigar promotes tumorigenesis and protects tumor cells from oxidative and metabolic stresses in gastric cancer |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Oncology |
issn |
2234-943X |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
Cancer cells adopt glycolysis to facilitate the generation of biosynthetic substrates demanded by cell proliferation and growth, and to adapt to stress conditions such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) is a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase that is regulated by p53. TIGAR functions to inhibit glycolysis and promote antioxidative activities, which assists the generation of NADPH to maintain the levels of GSH and thus reduces intracellular ROS. However, the functions of TIGAR in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. TIGAR expression levels were detected by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer samples, along with four established cell lines of GC. The functions of TIGAR were determined by utilizing shRNA-mediated knockdown experiments. The NADPH/NADP+ ratio, ROS, mitochondrial ATP production, and phosphorus oxygen ratios were determined in TIGAR-depleted cells. Xenograft experiment was conducted with BALB/c nude mice. TIGAR was up-regulated compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues in primary GCs. TIGAR knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. TIGAR protected cancer cells from oxidative stress-caused damages, but also glycolysis defects. TIGAR also increased the production of NADPH in gastric cancer cells. TIGAR knockdown led to increased ROS production, elevated mitochondrial ATP production, and phosphorus oxygen ratios. The prognosis of high TIGAR expression patients was significantly poorer than those with low TIGAR expression. Taken together, TIGAR exhibits oncogenic features in GC, which can be evaluated as a target for intervention in the treatment of GC. |
topic |
apoptosis cell cycle checkpoints glycolysis heterografts stomach neoplasms |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2019.01258/full |
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