3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Enhances the Level of Reduced Glutathione via the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway in Human Keratinocytes

• Main Authors: Ki Cheon Kim, Yu Jae Hyun, Susara Ruwan Kumara Madduma Hewage, Mei Jing Piao, Kyoung Ah Kang, Hee Kyoung Kang, Young Sang Koh, Mee Jung Ahn, Jin Won Hyun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2017-09-01
• Series: Marine Drugs
• Subjects: 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; glutathione; oxidative stress; glutathione synthetase; NF-E2 related factor 2
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/15/9/291
• ISSN: 1660-3397

A natural bromophenol found in seaweeds, 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB), has been shown to possess antioxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which BDB protects skin cells subjected to oxidative stress. The effect of BDB on the protein and mRNA levels of glutathione-related enzymes and the cell survival of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) was investigated. BDB treatment increased the protein and mRNA levels of glutathione synthesizing enzymes and enhanced the production of reduced glutathione in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, BDB activated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and promoted its localization into the nucleus by phosphorylating its up-stream signaling proteins, extracellular signal–regulated kinase and protein kinase B. Thus, BDB increased the production of reduced glutathione and established cellular protection against oxidative stress via an Nrf2-mediated pathway.