Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) Is a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and Renal Dysfunction in Preoperative Cardiovascular Surgery Patients
Frailty and sarcopenia increase the risk of complications and mortality when invasive treatment such as cardiac surgery is performed. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) involves various pathophysiological conditions including renal dysfunction, heart failure and cachexia. We investigated the...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/10/1576 |