The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms
Recent evidence demonstrates that tobacco smoking causes an imbalance in bone turnover, leading to lower bone mass and making bone vulnerable to osteoporosis and fracture. Tobacco smoke influences bone mass indirectly through alteration of body weight, parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis, adrenal hor...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Osteoporosis |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1206235 |