Relationship Between Nicotine Dependence Scores and Nicotine, Cotinine, 3′-Hydroxycotinine and Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Chinese Male Smokers

Relationship Between Nicotine Dependence Scores and Nicotine, Cotinine, 3′-Hydroxycotinine and Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Chinese Male Smokers

Smoking is mainly sustained by nicotine dependence (ND), which varies across ethnic groups principally due to genetic as well as environmental factors. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and biomarkers of tobacco exposure are two important approaches to assess ND. However, the relati...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhao Junwei, Zhao Ge, Hua Chenfeng, Li Xiang, Shang Pingping, Wang Sheng, Liu Kejian, Hu Guochang, Wang Yipeng, Jia Yunzhen, Liu Huimin, Xie Fuwei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sciendo 2020-12-01
Series:Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International
Subjects:
nicotine
cotinine
3′-hydroxycotinine
nicotine-metabolite ratio
nicotine dependence
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0012

Internet

https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0012

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