Relationship Between Nicotine Dependence Scores and Nicotine, Cotinine, 3′-Hydroxycotinine and Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Chinese Male Smokers
Smoking is mainly sustained by nicotine dependence (ND), which varies across ethnic groups principally due to genetic as well as environmental factors. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and biomarkers of tobacco exposure are two important approaches to assess ND. However, the relati...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Sciendo
2020-12-01
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Series: | Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0012 |