Genetic Predispositions of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Therapeutic Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are closely related chronic inflammatory diseases. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are first-choice drugs for PMR and GCA, although some patients show poor responsiveness to the initial GC regimen or experience flares after GC tapering. To date, no v...
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doaj-c3745c914afe4351aab8068934e6ea6b2020-11-25T00:50:21ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832019-04-018558210.3390/jcm8050582jcm8050582Genetic Predispositions of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Therapeutic Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell ArteritisTomas Smutny0Ivan Barvik1Tomas Veleta2Petr Pavek3Tomas Soukup4Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre for Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre for Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicDivision of Rheumatology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine–Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are closely related chronic inflammatory diseases. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are first-choice drugs for PMR and GCA, although some patients show poor responsiveness to the initial GC regimen or experience flares after GC tapering. To date, no valid biomarkers have been found to predict which patients are at most risk for developing GC resistance. In this review, we summarize PMR- and GCA-related gene polymorphisms and we associate these gene variants with GC resistance and therapeutic outcomes. A limited number of GC resistance associated-polymorphisms have been published so far, mostly related to <i>HLA-DRB1*04</i> allele. Other genes such <i>ICAM-1</i>, <i>TLR4</i> and <i>9</i>, <i>VEGF</i>, and <i>INFG</i> may play a role, although discrepancies are often found among different populations. We conclude that more studies are required to identify reliable biomarkers of GC resistance. Such biomarkers could help distinguish non-responders from responders to GC treatment, with concomitant consequences for therapeutic strategy.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/5/582pharmacogeneticsglucocorticoid resistancegiant cell arteritispolymyalgia rheumatica |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tomas Smutny Ivan Barvik Tomas Veleta Petr Pavek Tomas Soukup |
spellingShingle |
Tomas Smutny Ivan Barvik Tomas Veleta Petr Pavek Tomas Soukup Genetic Predispositions of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Therapeutic Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis Journal of Clinical Medicine pharmacogenetics glucocorticoid resistance giant cell arteritis polymyalgia rheumatica |
author_facet |
Tomas Smutny Ivan Barvik Tomas Veleta Petr Pavek Tomas Soukup |
author_sort |
Tomas Smutny |
title |
Genetic Predispositions of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Therapeutic Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis |
title_short |
Genetic Predispositions of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Therapeutic Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis |
title_full |
Genetic Predispositions of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Therapeutic Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis |
title_fullStr |
Genetic Predispositions of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Therapeutic Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic Predispositions of Glucocorticoid Resistance and Therapeutic Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis |
title_sort |
genetic predispositions of glucocorticoid resistance and therapeutic outcomes in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are closely related chronic inflammatory diseases. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are first-choice drugs for PMR and GCA, although some patients show poor responsiveness to the initial GC regimen or experience flares after GC tapering. To date, no valid biomarkers have been found to predict which patients are at most risk for developing GC resistance. In this review, we summarize PMR- and GCA-related gene polymorphisms and we associate these gene variants with GC resistance and therapeutic outcomes. A limited number of GC resistance associated-polymorphisms have been published so far, mostly related to <i>HLA-DRB1*04</i> allele. Other genes such <i>ICAM-1</i>, <i>TLR4</i> and <i>9</i>, <i>VEGF</i>, and <i>INFG</i> may play a role, although discrepancies are often found among different populations. We conclude that more studies are required to identify reliable biomarkers of GC resistance. Such biomarkers could help distinguish non-responders from responders to GC treatment, with concomitant consequences for therapeutic strategy. |
topic |
pharmacogenetics glucocorticoid resistance giant cell arteritis polymyalgia rheumatica |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/5/582 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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