Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Induction of Obesity

• Main Authors: Takaharu Sasaki, Kazuyo Moro, Tetsuya Kubota, Naoto Kubota, Tamotsu Kato, Hiroshi Ohno, Susumu Nakae, Hirohisa Saito, Shigeo Koyasu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2019-07-01
• Series: Cell Reports
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221112471930782X

Summary: Complex interactions between immune cells are an important component in the induction of obesity. Here, we show that Il2rg−/−Rag2−/− mice lacking all lymphocytes are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from Rag2−/− mice, which lack only acquired immune cells, into Il2rg−/−Rag2−/− mice abolishes this resistance, indicating a role for innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in this process. Mice lacking ILC2 or ILC3 cells, but not natural killer cells, are resistant to obesity. Adoptive transfer of naive ILC2s isolated from the small intestine (SI), but not ILC2s from white adipose tissue (WAT), restores the induction of diet-induced obesity in Il2rg−/−Rag2−/− mice. Analysis of transcriptional differences reveals that SI-ILC2s express higher levels of IL-2 than do WAT-ILC2s and that blockade of IL-2 signaling impairs weight gain and reduces the populations of ILC2s and ILC3s in the SI, suggesting a role for the IL-2/ILC2/3 axis in the induction of obesity. : Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently identified lymphocyte populations characterized by the lack of antigen-specific receptors. Sasaki et al. demonstrate the involvement of ILCs in the induction of diet-induced obesity. Specifically, they show that small intestinal ILC2s, but not white adipose tissue ILC2s, are involved in the induction of obesity. Keywords: obesity, high-fat diet, innate lymphoid cells, ILC2, ILC3, small intestine, white adipose tissue, common gamma chain, γc, interleukin-2