Critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: Cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin A2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry products
The 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) assay is currently used to quantify proanthocyanidin (PAC) content in cranberry products. In a multi-operator/multi-day study design, a cranberry proanthocyanidin (c-PAC) standard was compared to procyanidin A2 (ProA2) dimer for accurate quantification of P...
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doaj-c4c85f7b7cd249659347133117a878af2021-04-30T07:07:12ZengElsevierJournal of Functional Foods1756-46462016-04-01221319Critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: Cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin A2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry productsChristian G. Krueger0Nathan Chesmore1Xin Chen2Jessica Parker3Christina Khoo4Jannie P.J. Marais5Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam6Peter Crump7Jess D. Reed8Complete Phytochemical Solutions LLC, 317 South Street, Cambridge, WI 53523, USA; Reed Research Group, Dept. Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Corresponding author. Complete Phytochemical Solutions LLC, 317 South Street, Cambridge, WI 53523, USA. Tel.: +1 (608) 423 1327.Complete Phytochemical Solutions LLC, 317 South Street, Cambridge, WI 53523, USAReed Research Group, Dept. Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USAReed Research Group, Dept. Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USAOcean Spray Cranberries Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Midddleboro, MA 02349, USAOcean Spray Cranberries Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Midddleboro, MA 02349, USAReed Research Group, Dept. Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USAReed Research Group, Dept. Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USAComplete Phytochemical Solutions LLC, 317 South Street, Cambridge, WI 53523, USA; Reed Research Group, Dept. Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USAThe 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) assay is currently used to quantify proanthocyanidin (PAC) content in cranberry products. In a multi-operator/multi-day study design, a cranberry proanthocyanidin (c-PAC) standard was compared to procyanidin A2 (ProA2) dimer for accurate quantification of PAC in commercial cranberry juices, lab generated cranberry blends and cranberry powders. The c-PAC standard reflects the structural heterogeneity of cranberry PAC degree of polymerization, hydroxylation pattern and ratios of ‘A-type’ to ‘B-type’ interflavanyl bonds. Use of the c-PAC standard to quantify PAC content in cranberry samples resulted in values that were 3.6 times higher than those determined by ProA2. Overall, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of operator or day on estimation of PAC concentration. The adoption of c-PAC standard should be considered as an improvement over the use of ProA2 for accurate quantification of cranberry PAC. Improved standardization of bioactive PAC components in functional cranberry foods will aid in establishment of dosage guidelines.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464616000207ProanthocyanidinsCranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait)4- (dimethylamino)cinnamaldehydeDMACMALDI-TOF MS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Christian G. Krueger Nathan Chesmore Xin Chen Jessica Parker Christina Khoo Jannie P.J. Marais Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam Peter Crump Jess D. Reed |
spellingShingle |
Christian G. Krueger Nathan Chesmore Xin Chen Jessica Parker Christina Khoo Jannie P.J. Marais Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam Peter Crump Jess D. Reed Critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: Cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin A2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry products Journal of Functional Foods Proanthocyanidins Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait) 4- (dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde DMAC MALDI-TOF MS |
author_facet |
Christian G. Krueger Nathan Chesmore Xin Chen Jessica Parker Christina Khoo Jannie P.J. Marais Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam Peter Crump Jess D. Reed |
author_sort |
Christian G. Krueger |
title |
Critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: Cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin A2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry products |
title_short |
Critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: Cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin A2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry products |
title_full |
Critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: Cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin A2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry products |
title_fullStr |
Critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: Cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin A2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry products |
title_full_unstemmed |
Critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: Cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin A2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry products |
title_sort |
critical reevaluation of the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay: cranberry proanthocyanidin standard is superior to procyanidin a2 dimer for accurate quantification of proanthocyanidins in cranberry products |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Journal of Functional Foods |
issn |
1756-4646 |
publishDate |
2016-04-01 |
description |
The 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) assay is currently used to quantify proanthocyanidin (PAC) content in cranberry products. In a multi-operator/multi-day study design, a cranberry proanthocyanidin (c-PAC) standard was compared to procyanidin A2 (ProA2) dimer for accurate quantification of PAC in commercial cranberry juices, lab generated cranberry blends and cranberry powders. The c-PAC standard reflects the structural heterogeneity of cranberry PAC degree of polymerization, hydroxylation pattern and ratios of ‘A-type’ to ‘B-type’ interflavanyl bonds. Use of the c-PAC standard to quantify PAC content in cranberry samples resulted in values that were 3.6 times higher than those determined by ProA2. Overall, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of operator or day on estimation of PAC concentration. The adoption of c-PAC standard should be considered as an improvement over the use of ProA2 for accurate quantification of cranberry PAC. Improved standardization of bioactive PAC components in functional cranberry foods will aid in establishment of dosage guidelines. |
topic |
Proanthocyanidins Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait) 4- (dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde DMAC MALDI-TOF MS |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464616000207 |
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