Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei.
African trypanosomes are digenetic parasites that undergo part of their developmental cycle in mammals and part in tsetse flies. We established a novel technique to monitor the population dynamics of Trypanosoma brucei throughout its life cycle while minimising the confounding factors of strain diff...
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doaj-c6078eb2152f4b8ba29db36f2ffe1e1a2020-11-25T02:21:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742010-07-0167e100102310.1371/journal.ppat.1001023Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei.Michael OberleOliver BalmerReto BrunIsabel RoditiAfrican trypanosomes are digenetic parasites that undergo part of their developmental cycle in mammals and part in tsetse flies. We established a novel technique to monitor the population dynamics of Trypanosoma brucei throughout its life cycle while minimising the confounding factors of strain differences or variation in fitness. Clones derived from a single trypanosome were tagged with short synthetic DNA sequences in a non-transcribed region of the genome. Infections were initiated with mixtures of tagged parasites and a combination of polymerase chain reaction and deep sequencing were used to monitor the composition of populations throughout the life cycle. This revealed that a minimum of several hundred parasites survived transmission from a tsetse fly to a mouse, or vice versa, and contributed to the infection in the new host. In contrast, the parasites experienced a pronounced bottleneck during differentiation and migration from the midgut to the salivary glands of tsetse. In two cases a single tag accounted for > or =99% of the population in the glands, although minor tags could be also detected. Minor tags were transmitted to mice together with the dominant tag(s), persisted during a chronic infection, and survived transmission to a new insect host. An important outcome of the bottleneck within the tsetse is that rare variants can be amplified in individual flies and disseminated by them. This is compatible with the epidemic population structure of T. brucei, in which clonal expansion of a few genotypes in a region occurs against a background of frequent recombination between strains.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2912391?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Michael Oberle Oliver Balmer Reto Brun Isabel Roditi |
spellingShingle |
Michael Oberle Oliver Balmer Reto Brun Isabel Roditi Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS Pathogens |
author_facet |
Michael Oberle Oliver Balmer Reto Brun Isabel Roditi |
author_sort |
Michael Oberle |
title |
Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. |
title_short |
Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. |
title_full |
Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. |
title_fullStr |
Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. |
title_sort |
bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of trypanosoma brucei. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Pathogens |
issn |
1553-7366 1553-7374 |
publishDate |
2010-07-01 |
description |
African trypanosomes are digenetic parasites that undergo part of their developmental cycle in mammals and part in tsetse flies. We established a novel technique to monitor the population dynamics of Trypanosoma brucei throughout its life cycle while minimising the confounding factors of strain differences or variation in fitness. Clones derived from a single trypanosome were tagged with short synthetic DNA sequences in a non-transcribed region of the genome. Infections were initiated with mixtures of tagged parasites and a combination of polymerase chain reaction and deep sequencing were used to monitor the composition of populations throughout the life cycle. This revealed that a minimum of several hundred parasites survived transmission from a tsetse fly to a mouse, or vice versa, and contributed to the infection in the new host. In contrast, the parasites experienced a pronounced bottleneck during differentiation and migration from the midgut to the salivary glands of tsetse. In two cases a single tag accounted for > or =99% of the population in the glands, although minor tags could be also detected. Minor tags were transmitted to mice together with the dominant tag(s), persisted during a chronic infection, and survived transmission to a new insect host. An important outcome of the bottleneck within the tsetse is that rare variants can be amplified in individual flies and disseminated by them. This is compatible with the epidemic population structure of T. brucei, in which clonal expansion of a few genotypes in a region occurs against a background of frequent recombination between strains. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2912391?pdf=render |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT michaeloberle bottlenecksandthemaintenanceofminorgenotypesduringthelifecycleoftrypanosomabrucei AT oliverbalmer bottlenecksandthemaintenanceofminorgenotypesduringthelifecycleoftrypanosomabrucei AT retobrun bottlenecksandthemaintenanceofminorgenotypesduringthelifecycleoftrypanosomabrucei AT isabelroditi bottlenecksandthemaintenanceofminorgenotypesduringthelifecycleoftrypanosomabrucei |
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