Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation
<i>Streptococcus </i><i>mutans</i> is the principal biofilm forming oral pathogen associated with dental caries. Studies have shown that <i>Candida albicans</i>, a commensal oral fungus is capable of forming pathogenic mixed-species biofilms with <i>S. </...
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doaj-c820df2a8dc840a6b8c2badfbf7328962020-11-25T03:05:22ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822020-08-01947847810.3390/antibiotics9080478Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm FormationNeha Srivastava0Kassapa Ellepola1Nityasri Venkiteswaran2Louis Yi Ann Chai3Tomoko Ohshima4Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne5Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11908, SingaporeOral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11908, SingaporeOral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11908, SingaporeDivision of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System and Faculty of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, SingaporeDepartment of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, JapanSingapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, SingHealth Duke NUS Medical School, 5 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168938, Singapore<i>Streptococcus </i><i>mutans</i> is the principal biofilm forming oral pathogen associated with dental caries. Studies have shown that <i>Candida albicans</i>, a commensal oral fungus is capable of forming pathogenic mixed-species biofilms with <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i><i>. </i>The treatment of bacterial and fungal infections using conventional antimicrobial agents has become challenging due to the antimicrobial resistance of the biofilm mode of growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of secretory components of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i><i> 108</i>, a potentially promising probiotic strain, against <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i> and <i>C. albicans </i>single and mixed-species biofilms. <i>L. plantarum</i><i> 108</i> supernatant inhibited <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> single-species biofilms as shown by XTT reduction assay, crystal violet assay, and colony forming units counting. The probiotic supernatant significantly inhibited the <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i><i> and C. albicans </i>mixed-species biofilm formation. The pre-formed mixed-species biofilms were also successfully reduced. Confocal microscopy showed poorly developed biofilm architecture in the probiotic supernatant treated biofilms. Moreover, the expression of <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i><i> </i>genes associated with glucosyltransferase activity and <i>C. albicans </i>hyphal specific genes (<i>HWP1, ALS1</i> and <i>ALS3</i>) were down-regulated in the presence of the probiotic supernatant<i>. </i>Altogether, the data demonstrated the capacity of <i>L. plantarum</i><i> 108</i> supernatant to inhibit the <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i><i> </i>and <i>C. albicans</i> mixed-species biofilms. Herein, we provide a new insight on the potential of probiotic-based strategies to prevent bacterial-fungal mixed-species biofilms associated with dental caries.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/8/478Streptococcus mutansLactobacillus plantarumglucosyltransferasedental cariesprobiotics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Neha Srivastava Kassapa Ellepola Nityasri Venkiteswaran Louis Yi Ann Chai Tomoko Ohshima Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne |
spellingShingle |
Neha Srivastava Kassapa Ellepola Nityasri Venkiteswaran Louis Yi Ann Chai Tomoko Ohshima Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation Antibiotics Streptococcus mutans Lactobacillus plantarum glucosyltransferase dental caries probiotics |
author_facet |
Neha Srivastava Kassapa Ellepola Nityasri Venkiteswaran Louis Yi Ann Chai Tomoko Ohshima Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne |
author_sort |
Neha Srivastava |
title |
Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation |
title_short |
Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation |
title_full |
Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation |
title_fullStr |
Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation |
title_sort |
lactobacillus plantarum 108 inhibits streptococcus mutans and candida albicans mixed-species biofilm formation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antibiotics |
issn |
2079-6382 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
<i>Streptococcus </i><i>mutans</i> is the principal biofilm forming oral pathogen associated with dental caries. Studies have shown that <i>Candida albicans</i>, a commensal oral fungus is capable of forming pathogenic mixed-species biofilms with <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i><i>. </i>The treatment of bacterial and fungal infections using conventional antimicrobial agents has become challenging due to the antimicrobial resistance of the biofilm mode of growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of secretory components of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i><i> 108</i>, a potentially promising probiotic strain, against <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i> and <i>C. albicans </i>single and mixed-species biofilms. <i>L. plantarum</i><i> 108</i> supernatant inhibited <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> single-species biofilms as shown by XTT reduction assay, crystal violet assay, and colony forming units counting. The probiotic supernatant significantly inhibited the <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i><i> and C. albicans </i>mixed-species biofilm formation. The pre-formed mixed-species biofilms were also successfully reduced. Confocal microscopy showed poorly developed biofilm architecture in the probiotic supernatant treated biofilms. Moreover, the expression of <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i><i> </i>genes associated with glucosyltransferase activity and <i>C. albicans </i>hyphal specific genes (<i>HWP1, ALS1</i> and <i>ALS3</i>) were down-regulated in the presence of the probiotic supernatant<i>. </i>Altogether, the data demonstrated the capacity of <i>L. plantarum</i><i> 108</i> supernatant to inhibit the <i>S. </i><i>mutans</i><i> </i>and <i>C. albicans</i> mixed-species biofilms. Herein, we provide a new insight on the potential of probiotic-based strategies to prevent bacterial-fungal mixed-species biofilms associated with dental caries. |
topic |
Streptococcus mutans Lactobacillus plantarum glucosyltransferase dental caries probiotics |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/8/478 |
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